Table 4.
Percentage of households exposed to hardship financing for TB by selected socioeconomic characteristics in India, (NSS 2004–2018).
| Background Characteristics | NSS-2004 (n = 114) |
NSS-2014 (n = 106) |
NSS-2018(n = 115) |
|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | |
| Age (in years) | |||
| 0–14 | 64.1 | 0.0 | 48.9 |
| 15–35 | 46.2 | 41.1 | 25.7 |
| 36–59 | 33.2 | 37.2 | 10.7 |
| 60 and above | 30.5 | 31.8 | 0.2 |
| Education | |||
| Illiterate | 37.7 | 12.9 | 40.4 |
| Up to Primary | 36.7 | 52.3 | 2.0 |
| Middle | 10.4 | 41.9 | 25.2 |
| Secondary and above | 94.2 | 44.2 | 0.3 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 39.3 | 34.0 | 21.2 |
| Female | 33.7 | 36.2 | 7.5 |
| MPCE quintile | |||
| Poorest | 38.5 | 56.3 | 20.1 |
| Poorer | 68.9 | 30.4 | 24.3 |
| Middle | 40.3 | 6.6 | 29.6 |
| Richer | 19.8 | 7.4 | 6.7 |
| Richest | 9.0 | 17.2 | 0.0 |
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural | 37.6 | 36.0 | 14.3 |
| Urban | 34.2 | 19.8 | 51.0 |
| Type of health facility | |||
| Public hospital | 28.6 | 31.9 | 11.2 |
| Private hospital | 70.3 | 47.6 | 20.5 |
| Type of ward | |||
| Free | 32.7 | 33.6 | 11.5 |
| Paid | 67.5 | 39.0 | 26.3 |
| Duration of stay in hospital | |||
| Up to 5 days | 22.0 | 9.6 | 0.0 |
| 6–10 days | 56.4 | 41.8 | 21.6 |
| 11and above | 57.1 | 50.5 | 40.0 |
| Health-care coverage | |||
| No coverage | – | 36.5 | 13.0 |
| Public | – | 34.0 | 25.5 |
| Private | – | – | – |
| Total | 37.3 | 34.8 | 17.1 |