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. 2024 Mar 5;7:100490. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100490

Table 4.

Percentage of households exposed to hardship financing for TB by selected socioeconomic characteristics in India, (NSS 2004–2018).

Background Characteristics NSS-2004 (n = 114)
NSS-2014 (n = 106)
NSS-2018(n = 115)
% % %
Age (in years)
0–14 64.1 0.0 48.9
15–35 46.2 41.1 25.7
36–59 33.2 37.2 10.7
60 and above 30.5 31.8 0.2
Education
Illiterate 37.7 12.9 40.4
Up to Primary 36.7 52.3 2.0
Middle 10.4 41.9 25.2
Secondary and above 94.2 44.2 0.3
Gender
Male 39.3 34.0 21.2
Female 33.7 36.2 7.5
MPCE quintile
Poorest 38.5 56.3 20.1
Poorer 68.9 30.4 24.3
Middle 40.3 6.6 29.6
Richer 19.8 7.4 6.7
Richest 9.0 17.2 0.0
Place of residence
Rural 37.6 36.0 14.3
Urban 34.2 19.8 51.0
Type of health facility
Public hospital 28.6 31.9 11.2
Private hospital 70.3 47.6 20.5
Type of ward
Free 32.7 33.6 11.5
Paid 67.5 39.0 26.3
Duration of stay in hospital
Up to 5 days 22.0 9.6 0.0
6–10 days 56.4 41.8 21.6
11and above 57.1 50.5 40.0
Health-care coverage
No coverage 36.5 13.0
Public 34.0 25.5
Private
Total 37.3 34.8 17.1