Table 2.

Discrimination of patients with early stage pancreatic cancer, healthy controls and patients with chronic pancreatitis by protein and cfDNA markers when added to CA19-9 in the testing set

Biomarker	No. cases	No. controls	AUC (95% CI)	P value	Sensitivity at designated specificities
					≥90%	≥95%	≥98%
Local PDAC versus healthy controls
CA19-9	84	82	0.88 (0.83 to 0.94)	Reference	67%	67%	63%
+ TIMP1	84	82	0.92 (0.88 to 0.96)	0.06	80%	75%	63%
+ LRG1	84	82	0.92 (0.88 to 0.96)	0.02	77%	77%	68%
+ cfDNA KRAS mutation	84	82	0.88 (0.83 to 0.94)	0.39	67%	67%	63%
+ 2-loci cfDNA methylation panel*	84	82	0.89 (0.83 to 0.94)	0.56	67%	67%	63%
+ 9-loci cfDNA methylation panel†	84	82	0.92 (0.88 to 0.96)	0.02	76%	70%	65%
Local PDAC versus chronic pancreatitis
CA19-9	84	48	0.85 (0.78 to 0.91)	Reference	67%	63%	52%
+ TIMP1	84	48	0.84 (0.78 to 0.91)	0.88	67%	55%	48%
+ LRG1	84	48	0.85 (0.79 to 0.91)	0.51	68%	60%	57%
+ cfDNA KRAS mutation	84	48	0.85 (0.78 to 0.91)	1.00	67%	63%	52%
+ 2-loci cfDNA methylation panel*	84	48	0.86 (0.79 to 0.92)	0.19	68%	62%	55%
+ 9-loci cfDNA methylation panel†	84	48	0.86 (0.80 to 0.92)	0.35	67%	56%	54%

*2-loci cfDNA methylation panel that includes two exocrine pancreas loci encompassing 17 CpG sites.

†9-loci cfDNA methylation panel that includes nine exocrine pancreas loci encompassing 61 CpG sites.

AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; cfDNA, cell-free DNA; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.