Table 2.

The link between countries’ overall cigarette tax scores and cigarette consumption, 2014–2020

Outcome	Log (cigarette consumption)
Sample	Whole sample	HICs	LMICs
Overall cigarette tax score	−0.09***	−0.06***	−0.09**
SE	0.02	0.01	0.03
Year indicators	Yes	Yes	Yes
Country indicators	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mean (consumption in thousand sticks)	0.97	1.10	0.88
Mean (overall cigarette tax score)	2.34	3.00	1.87
Observations (n)	381	158	223
Countries (n)	97	43	58

+p< 0.10; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. All regressions control for POWE scores, country-level gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, percentage of the population aged 15–64, percentage of the population aged 65 and older, year fixed effects, and country fixed effects. Standard errors (SEs) were clustered at the country level.

HICs, high-income countries; LMICs, low and middle-income countries.