Table 1.
Comparisons of mean (S.E.) regional CVR values for younger and older adults in hypocapnia (0.1Hz paced breathing) and hypercapnia (breath hold), adjusting for sex
| Hypocapnia |
Hypercapnia |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain regions | Younger (n = 29) | Older (n = 26) | F | p | ηp2 | Younger (n = 26) | Older (n = 29) | F | p | ηp2 |
| Whole brain | 14.48 (1.41) | 9.64 (1.50) | 4.69 | .02 | .09 | 21.78 (1.41) | 8.80 (1.33) | 22.93 | <.0001 | .50 |
| IFG | 19.16 (2.77) | 15.60 (2.92) | 4.54 | .37 | .02 | 26.02 (2.08) | 12.06 (1.97) | 12.68 | <.0001 | .32 |
| OFC | 26.64 (3.35) | 12.35 (3.41) | 4.61 | <.01 | .15 | 27.75 (2.58) | 12.74 (2.40) | 9.16 | <.0001 | .26 |
| ACC | 21.85 (2.57) | 12.15 (2.71) | 6.33 | .01 | .12 | 26.64 (2.42) | 14.81 (2.29) | 6.34 | <.01 | .20 |
| Amygdala | 17.47 (3.99) | 12.36 (4.15) | 1.04 | .37 | .02 | 32.65 (3.46) | 13.66 (3.21) | 8.97 | <.01 | .23 |
| Hippocampus | 13.61 (2.50) | 6.38 (2.64) | 2.57 | .05 | .07 | 25.89 (2.03) | 10.48 (1.92) | 15.95 | <.0001 | .37 |
| PHG | 13.69 (2.59) | 8.40 (2.73) | 2.11 | .16 | .04 | 24.76 (1.85) | 8.86 (1.75) | 20.45 | <.0001 | .42 |
| EC | 9.43 (2.36) | 3.41 (2.54) | 1.76 | .08 | .06 | 23.70 (2.11) | 9.63 (2.00) | 11.92 | <.0001 | .31 |
| PRhC | 14.47 (3.09) | 5.96 (3.26) | 2.80 | .06 | .07 | 20.68 (1.88) | 6.36 (1.78) | 16.69 | <.0001 | .37 |
| MTL | 11.99 (2.39) | 6.35 (2.52) | 2.62 | .11 | .05 | 21.88 (1.68) | 7.64 (1.59) | 19.81 | <.0001 | .42 |
| ITG | 13.06 (2.25) | 3.14 (2.37) | 4.61 | <.01 | .15 | 19.10 (2.23) | 4.97 (2.11) | 11.69 | <.0001 | .28 |
| IPC | 10.83 (2.42) | 11.12 (2.56) | .53 | .93 | .00 | 19.10 (1.77) | 8.96 (1.67) | 9.97 | <.01 | .24 |
| PCC | 10.95 (2.40) | 7.96 (2.54) | .58 | .40 | .01 | 19.72 (2.32) | 8.66 (2.16) | 6.73 | <.01 | .20 |
| Precuneus | 11.48 (2.64) | 10.42 (2.78) | .19 | .78 | .00 | 20.93 (2.13) | 8.27 (2.01) | 9.38 | <.0001 | .26 |
| Caudate | 20.79 (4.38) | 8.17 (4.63) | 2.89 | .05 | .07 | 22.43 (2.11) | 9.74 (1.92) | 9.94 | <.0001 | .28 |
| Thalamus | 18.31 (4.29) | 15.89 (4.53) | .17 | .70 | .00 | 21.74 (2.32) | 9.20 (2.20) | 7.81 | <.01 | .23 |
Abbreviations: IFG=inferior frontal gyrus; OFC=orbitofrontal cortex; ACC=anterior cingulate cortex; PHG=parahippocampal gyrus; EC=entorhinal cortex; PRhC=perirhinal cortex; MTL=medial temporal lobe; ITG=inferior temporal gyrus; IPC=inferior parietal cortex; PCC=posterior cingulate cortex.
Values in bold indicate statistically significant results at FDR p < .05