Table 2.

Health profiles and health care uses for low-income adults aged 18–64 years with hypertension, by income level, 2014 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

Variables	Total low-income population N = 2,866	Very low-income (≤100% FPL) n= 2,010	Moderately low-income (>100%–138% FPL) n = 856	P-value
Perceived health status (%)				0.5330
Excellent/very good	23.7	23.4	24.3
Good	31.8	31.2	33.3
Fair/poor	44.5	45.4	42.3
Body mass index (%)				0.8890
Underweight/normal (<25)	22.1	22.2	21.9
Overweight (25–30)	28.8	28.4	29.6
Obese (30+)	49.1	49.4	48.5
Current smoker (%)	33.5	35.8	28.5	0.0062
High cholesterol (%)	54.5	52.7	58.5	0.0227
Diabetes (%)	23.8	22.8	26.0	0.2035
Any cardiovascular disease (%)a	30.2	31.1	28.2	0.2668
Two or more chronic conditions (%)b	51.8	52.2	50.9	0.6461
Any limitations (physical, cognitive, emotional) (%)	59.4	61.4	55.1	0.0129
Total annual medical expenditure per capita				0.1130
Mean	$10,142	$9,199	$12,234
(SE)	(747)	(556)	(1,880)
Total annual Medicaid expenditure per capita for those with any Medicaid coverage				0.5190
Mean	$6,404	$6,546	$5,961
(SE)	(414)	(477)	(786)
No. of outpatient visits per year				0.8150
Mean	11.3	11.4	11.0
(SE)	(0.8)	(1.0)	(1.1)
No. of emergency room visits per year				0.005
Mean	0.5	0.6	0.4
(SE)	(0.0)	(0.0)	(0.0)
No. of inpatient discharges per year				0.5270
Mean	0.2	0.2	0.2
(SE)	(0.0)	(0.0)	(0.0)
No. of prescription drugs filled per year				0.2290
Mean	32.2	33.1	30.3
(SE)	(1.3)	(1.8)	(1.6)

Reported statistics were survey weighted. P-values were calculated by using chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Abbreviation: FPL, federal poverty level.

^aCardiovascular disease conditions include coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack (MI), other heart disease, and stroke.

^bChronic conditions included any cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, high cholesterol, arthritis, join pain, chronic bronchitis, emphy-sema, asthma, and chronic depression.