Table 1. Exemplary Amounts of Substances Calculated for a Microscale Oxidation with 3 wt Equiv of Oxidizer with Respect to Carbon^a.

substance	v [mL]	m [mg)	n [mmol]	mol. ratio
H2SO4 (97.5 wt %)	4	∼7340	72.97	8.7
→ H2O content			10.19	1.2
H2SO4 (95 wt %)			71.10	8.5
→ H2O content			20.37	2.4
carbon		100	8.33	1
KMnO4		300	1.90	0.2
→ condensed H2O		34.20	1.90	0.2
total water content in 97.5 wt % H2SO4		217.7	12.08	1.45
total water content in 95 wt % H2SO4		401.2	22.27	2.67

^aMost of the water stems from concentrated sulfuric acid itself, only minor traces of water are formed by dehydration of permanganate. The ratios of the used substances are representative of a typical formulation according to Hummers and Offeman.^1a The numbers refer to regular compounds (¹⁶O), and no isotopic labeling was considered.