Table 3.
Multinomial logic regression of factors associated with marginal willingness-to-pay (WTP) for EV-71 vaccine (N = 3,626).
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate logistic regression† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marginal WTP | Marginal WTP | |||||||
| CNY¥100/200 (N = 2,221) | CNY¥300/400 (N = 662) | ≥CNY¥500 (N = 743) | p-value | CNY¥300/400 OR (95% CI) | p-value | ≥CNY¥500 OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Social demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Guardian factor | ||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| <30 | 575 (54.8) | 207 (19.7) | 267 (25.5) | <0.001 | 1.17 (0.79–1.73) | 0.432 | 1.57 (1.00–2.47) | 0.049 |
| 30–40 | 1,343 (63.0) | 370 (17.3) | 420 (19.7) | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | 0.862 | 1.12 (0.74–1.72) | 0.587 | |
| >40 | 303 (68.2) | 85 (19.1) | 56 (12.6) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Relationship | ||||||||
| Father | 505 (57.7) | 162 (18.5) | 208 (23.8) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.44–1.25) | 0.262 | 0.97 (0.49–1.90) | 0.919 |
| Mother | 1,589 (62.0) | 459 (17.9) | 515 (20.1) | 0.67 (0.40–1.11) | 0.122 | 0.71 (0.36–1.39) | 0.317 | |
| Other guardians | 127 (67.6) | 41 (21.8) | 20 (10.6) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Birthplace | ||||||||
| Urban | 674 (55.8) | 238 (19.7) | 296 (24.5) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 0.595 | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 0.687 |
| Rural | 1,547 (64.0) | 424 (17.5) | 447 (18.5) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Workplace | ||||||||
| Urban | 1,252 (56.0) | 433 (19.4) | 551 (24.6) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.91–1.43) | 0.250 | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 0.168 |
| Rural | 969 (69.7) | 229 (16.5) | 192 (13.8) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Census register place | ||||||||
| Fujian Province | 2,086 (62.1) | 603 (17.9) | 672 (20.0) | 0.002 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Other provinces | 135 (50.9) | 59 (22.3) | 71 (26.8) | 1.46 (1.03–2.05) | 0.033 | 1.52 (1.05–2.19) | 0.025 | |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Professionals and managerial | 514 (56.4) | 179 (19.6) | 218 (23.9) | <0.001 | 1.04 (0.75–1.43) | 0.820 | 1.08 (0.76–1.53) | 0.676 |
| Clerks | 114 (48.1) | 52 (21.9) | 71 (30.0) | 1.11 (0.72–1.72) | 0.631 | 1.09 (0.70–1.53) | 0.695 | |
| Industrial workers | 213 (67.0) | 48 (15.1) | 57 (17.9) | 0.74 (0.49–1.11) | 0.142 | 1.09 (0.70–1.72) | 0.604 | |
| Self-employed | 236 (57.4) | 73 (17.8) | 102 (24.8) | 0.87 (0.61–1.26) | 0.465 | 1.13 (0.72–1.75) | 0.482 | |
| Farmers | 319 (74.0) | 72 (16.7) | 40 (9.3) | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 0.994 | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) | 0.550 | |
| Service personnel | 100 (61.0) | 28 (17.1) | 36 (22.0) | 0.86 (0.53–1.42) | 0.564 | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) | 0.650 | |
| Others occupation | 279 (56.8) | 91 (18.5) | 121 (24.6) | 1.08 (0.77–1.50) | 0.666 | 1.42 (0.99–2.04) | 0.058 | |
| Housewife/ retiree/ unemployed | 446 (67.3) | 119 (17.9) | 98 (14.8) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Highest education level | ||||||||
| High school and below | 1,242 (67.3) | 327 (17.7) | 276 (15.0) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| University and above | 979 (55.0) | 335 (18.8) | 467 (26.2) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 0.954 | 1.39 (1.09–1.76) | 0.010 | |
| Average annual household income (CNY¥) | ||||||||
| <4,000 | 829 (77.4) | 144 (13.4) | 98 (9.2) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4,000–7,999 | 853 (59.4) | 292 (20.3) | 291 (20.3) | 0.78 (0.48–1.27) | 0.573 | 1.03 (0.68–1.57) | 0.873 | |
| 8,000–15,999 | 465 (48.8) | 198 (16.9) | 290 (30.4) | 0.87 (0.54–1.40) | 0.326 | 1.41 (0.93–2.14) | 0.110 | |
| ≥16,000 | 74 (44.6) | 28 (16.9) | 64 (38.6) | 1.60 (0.96–2.66) | 0.065 | 3.23 (2.02–5.15) | <0.001 | |
| Number of children aged 0–5 in the family | ||||||||
| 1 | 1,759 (60.3) | 537 (18.4) | 620 (21.3) | 0.034 | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 0.254 | 1.45 (1.12–1.88) | 0.004 |
| >1 | 462 (65.1) | 125 (17.6) | 123 (17.3) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Knowledge score of HFMD | ||||||||
| High (12–14) | 1,060 (60.1) | 338 (19.2) | 367 (20.8) | 0.293 | ||||
| Low (0–11) | 1,161 (62.4) | 324 (17.4) | 376 (20.2) | |||||
| Children’s factor | ||||||||
| Child’s gender | ||||||||
| Boy | 1,249 (60.7) | 389 (18.9) | 419 (20.4) | 0.504 | ||||
| Girl | 972 (62.0) | 273 (17.4) | 324 (20.7) | |||||
| Child’s age (years) | ||||||||
| <3 | 1,182 (56.6) | 397 (19.0) | 510 (24.4) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.87–1.37) | 0.474 | 1.66 (1.29–2.13) | <0.001 |
| 3–5 | 1,039 (67.6) | 265 (17.2) | 233 (15.2) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Child’s physical condition | ||||||||
| Healthy | 2,045 (61.1) | 613 (18.3) | 690 (20.6) | 0.749 | ||||
| Frequently sick | 176 (63.3) | 49 (17.6) | 53 (19.1) | |||||
| Child’s category | ||||||||
| Nursery children | 1,088 (62.5) | 304 (17.5) | 349 (20.0) | 0.312 | ||||
| Non-nursery children | 1,133 (60.1) | 358 (19.0) | 394 (20.9) | |||||
| Child’s HFMD history | ||||||||
| Yes | 216 (68.8) | 50 (15.9) | 48 (15.3) | 0.011 | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 2,005 (60.5) | 612 (18.5) | 695 (21.0) | 1.25 (0.88–1.77) | 0.217 | 1.16 (0.79–1.71) | 0.458 | |
| Other children around who have suffered from HFMD | ||||||||
| Yes | 712 (62.8) | 199 (17.6) | 222 (19.6) | 0.414 | ||||
| No/unsure | 1,509 (60.5) | 463 (18.6) | 521 (20.9) | |||||
| Health belief | ||||||||
| Perceived susceptibility | ||||||||
| My child has a high chance of getting HFMD | ||||||||
| Yes | 985 (59.8) | 326 (19.8) | 337 (20.4) | 0.085 | ||||
| No | 1,236 (62.5) | 336 (17.0) | 406 (20.5) | |||||
| Worry about my child getting HFMD | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,781 (59.4) | 558 (18.6) | 658 (22.0) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.03–1.81) | 0.032 | 1.82 (1.33–2.49) | <0.001 |
| No | 440 (70.0) | 104 (16.5) | 85 (13.5) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Perceived severity | ||||||||
| My child will be very sick if they get HFMD | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,092 (59.3) | 358 (19.4) | 392 (21.3) | 0.042 | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 0.181 | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 0.607 |
| No | 1,129 (63.3) | 304 (17.0) | 351 (19.7) | Reference | Reference | |||
| HFMD infection can affect my child’s schooling | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,987 (60.9) | 583 (17.9) | 691 (21.2) | 0.003 | 0.79 (0.56–1.10) | 0.167 | 1.16 (0.77–1.75) | 0.478 |
| No | 234 (64.1) | 79 (21.6) | 52 (14.2) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Perceived benefits | ||||||||
| HFMD can be prevented | ||||||||
| Yes | 2,058 (60.8) | 606 (17.9) | 721 (21.3) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) | 0.068 | 1.12 (0.59–2.12) | 0.738 |
| No | 163 (67.6) | 56 (23.2) | 22 (9.1) | Reference | Reference | |||
| EV-71 vaccination is effective in preventing HFMD | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,996 (60.2) | 600 (18.1) | 717 (21.6) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.75–1.79) | 0.521 | 2.09 (1.16–3.76) | 0.014 |
| No | 225 (71.9) | 62 (19.8) | 26 (8.3) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Perceived barriers | ||||||||
| I do not have time to take my child to get EV-71 vaccine | ||||||||
| Yes | 678 (68.8) | 176 (17.8) | 132 (13.4) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 1,543 (58.4) | 486 (18.4) | 611 (23.1) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 0.687 | 1.26 (0.98–1.63) | 0.073 | |
| Worry about the side effects | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,331 (67.1) | 343 (17.3) | 311 (15.7) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 890 (54.2) | 319 (19.4) | 432 (26.3) | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | 0.422 | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 0.653 | |
| Concern about the safety of the EV-71 vaccine | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,313 (68.4) | 316 (16.5) | 291 (15.2) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 908 (53.2) | 346 (20.3) | 452 (26.5) | 1.25 (0.97–1.63) | 0.090 | 1.09 (0.82–1.44) | 0.560 | |
| EV-71 vaccine is expensive | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,550 (79.1) | 299 (15.3) | 111 (5.7) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 671 (40.3) | 363 (21.8) | 632 (37.9) | 2.58 (2.11–3.17) | <0.001 | 10.86 (8.49–13.88) | <0.001 | |
| Cues to action | ||||||||
| I often get information from health education program about EV-71 vaccination | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,366 (60.8) | 409 (18.2) | 471 (21.0) | 0.653 | ||||
| No | 855 (62.0) | 253 (18.3) | 272 (19.7) | |||||
| Medical staff recommended that I shall get my child vaccinated with EV-71 vaccine | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,627 (60.5) | 509 (18.9) | 554 (20.6) | 0.162 | ||||
| No | 594 (63.5) | 153 (16.3) | 189 (20.2) | |||||
†
Multinomial regression; reference group: CNY¥100/200.
Goodness of fit; Pearson’s chi-square: 7386.496, p-value: 0.002; Nagelkerke R2: 0.300.