Table 1.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics of the participants included by status of BMI and MUAC
| Variables | MUAC | BMI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low MUAC N = 247 n (%) |
Normal MUAC N = 679 n (%) |
Underweight N = 171 n (%) |
Normal N = 476 n (%) |
Overweight N = 192 n (%) |
Obese N = 87 n (%) |
|
| Woman’s current age^*a | 26.1(5.6) | 28.4(5.7) | 27.1(6.1) | 27.2(5.5) | 28.6(5.6) | 30.4(6.1) |
| Age at marriage*a | 19.5(2.6) | 19.9(2.9) | 19.8(2.7) | 19.5(2.8) | 20.2(2.9) | 20.1(3.1) |
| Education* | ||||||
| No formal education | 163(66.0) | 409(60.2) | 114(66.7) | 308(64.7) | 101(52.6) | 49(56.3) |
| Primary or higher (Ref) | 84(34.0) | 270(39.8) | 57(33.3) | 168(35.3) | 91(47.4) | 38(43.7) |
| Wife’s occupation | ||||||
| Unemployed (Ref) | 144(58.3) | 431(63.5) | 111(64.9) | 289(60.7) | 119(62.0) | 56(64.4) |
| Employed | 103(41.7) | 248(36.5) | 60(35.1) | 187(39.3) | 73(38.0) | 31(35.6) |
| Husband occupation | ||||||
| Unemployed | 3(1.2) | 11(1.6) | 1(0.6) | 9(1.9) | 4(2.1) | 0 |
| Employed (Ref) | 668(98.4) | 244(98.8) | 170(99.4) | 467(98.1) | 188(97.9) | 87(100) |
| No. of ANC visits | ||||||
| 1–3 | 16(6.5) | 32(4.7) | 9(5.3) | 29(6.1) | 7(3.6) | 3(3.4) |
| > 4 (Ref) | 231(93.5) | 647(95.3) | 162(94.7) | 447(93.9) | 185(96.4) | 84(96.6) |
| Gravida^ | ||||||
| Primigravida (Ref) | 54(21.9) | 106(15.6) | 40(23.4) | 76(16.0) | 31(16.1) | 13(14.9) |
| Multigravida | 193(78.1) | 573(84.4) | 131(76.6) | 400(84.0) | 161(83.9) | 74(85.1) |
| Tobacco use^* | ||||||
| Yes | 95(38.5) | 141(20.8) | 82(48.0) | 117(24.6) | 27 (14.1) | 10 (11.5) |
| No (Ref) | 152(61.5) | 538(79.2) | 89(52.0) | 359(75.4) | 165(85.9) | 77(88.5) |
| Anemia severityb^* | ||||||
| No anemia (Ref) | 82(33.2) | 305(44.9) | 57(33.3) | 183(38.4) | 96(50.0) | 51(58.6) |
| Mild | 121(49.0) | 310(45.7) | 83(48.5) | 238(58.0) | 78(40.6) | 32(36.8) |
| Moderate to Severe | 44(17.8) | 64(9.4) | 31(18.1) | 55(11.6) | 18(9.4) | 4(4.6) |
| Co-morbidities* | ||||||
| Yes | 16(6.5) | 69(10.2) | 11(6.4) | 35(7.4) | 21(10.9) | 18(20.7) |
| No (Ref) | 231(93.5) | 610(89.8) | 160(93.6) | 441(92.6) | 171(89.1) | 69(79.3) |
aPresents mean (Standard deviation)
bMild anemia (Hb < 11 & ≥9 mg/dl); moderate to severe anemia (Hb < 9 mg/dl)
^P-value< 0.05 MUAC vs independent variables
*P-value< 0.05 BMI vs independent variables