Table 3.

The Clavien-Dindo classification

Classification	Definition	Examples
Grade I	- Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions - Allowed therapeutic regimens are: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.	Post operative ileus Hypokalemia Hypovolemia Vomiting Gastroparesis Diarrhea Parietal collection (seroma, hematoma, lipolysis)
Grade II	- Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications - Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included.	Surgical wound infection Pneumonia Urinary tract infections Deep vein thrombosis Severe anemia requiring transfusion Constipation Occlusion on flanges
Grade IIIa	Complication requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological treatment without general anesthesia	Evisceration parietal suppuration Deep collection
Grade IIIb	Complication requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological treatment under general anesthesia	Postoperative peritonitis Bowel obstruction Deep collection Fistula
Grade IV IVa IVb	Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications)* requiring IC/ICU-management	Visceral failure Pulmonary embolism Septic shock Postoperative peritonitis
	single organ dysfunction (including dialysis)
	Multiorgan dysfunction
Grade V	Death of a patient

*brain hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, subarrachnoidal bleeding,but excluding transient ischemic attacks (TIA);IC: Intermediate care; ICU: Intensive care unit