Table 2.
comparison of asymmetry gait variable between the blind and the sighted groups in direct path
| Variables | Sighted (Mean + SD) | Blindness | P- value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open eye | Close eye | Open vs. close eye | Open eye vs. blind | Close eye vs. blind | ||
| Walking speed (m/s) | 1.04 (0.22) | 0.82 (0.17) | 0.65 (0.19) | 0.048* | 0.001** | 0.071 |
| Acceleration descriptive statistics (g) | ||||||
| AP minimum | -0.34 (0.17) | -0.24 (0.16) | -0.20(0.23) | 0.216 | 0.086 | 0.565 |
| AP maximum | 0.47 (0.21) | 0.43 (0.17) | 0.25 (0.15) | 0.599 | 0.002** | 0.008** |
| AP range | 0.82 (0.32) | 0.67 (0.25) | 0.45 (0.16) | 0.284 | 0.001** | 0.005** |
| AP mean | 0.09 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.16) | 0.985 | 0.470 | 0.446 |
| AP standard deviation | 0.19 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.250 | 0.001** | 0.001** |
| V minimum | 0.01 (1.08) | 0.31 (0.97) | 0.61 (0.58) | 0.533 | 0.047* | 0.278 |
| V maximum | 0.79 (1.02) | 0.92 (0.85) | 1.17 (0.60) | 0.746 | 0.177 | 0.340 |
| V range | 0.77 (0.19) | 0.61 (0.17) | 0.56 (0.20) | 0.077 | 0.011* | 0.514 |
| V mean | 0.36 (0.94) | 0.58 (0.83) | 0.82 (0.55) | 0.603 | 0.088 | 0.322 |
| V standard deviation | 0.17 (0.17) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.05) | 0.193 | 0.016* | 0.307 |
| ML minimum | -0.24 (0.15) | -0.10 (0.36) | -0.18(0.05) | 0.281 | 0.238 | 0.372 |
| ML maximum | 0.28 (0.11) | 0.36 (0.29) | 0.23 (0.13) | 0.430 | 0.343 | 0.086 |
| ML range | 0.52 (0.23) | 0.47 (0.13) | 0.42 (0.16) | 0.511 | 0.132 | 0.390 |
| ML mean | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.14 (0.30) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.279 | 0.887 | 0.130 |
| ML standard deviation | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.451 | 0.085 | 0.351 |
| Harmonic Ratio (%) | ||||||
| HR-AP | 2.22 (0.46) | 2.20 (0.70) | 1.82 (0.52) | 0.941 | 0.043* | 0.093 |
| HR-VT | 2.72 (0.50) | 2.15 (0.56) | 1.86 (0.51) | 0.030* | 0.001** | 0.146 |
| HR-ML | 1.92 (0.41) | 1.71 (0.38) | 1.79 (0.44) | 0.254 | 0.419 | 0.624 |
| Improved Harmonic Ratio | ||||||
| iHR-AP | 83.47 (7.72) | 82.11(10.69) | 76.61 (9.24) | 0.748 | 0.038* | 0.140 |
| iHR-VT | 87.23 (7.64) | 81.29 (9.38) | 76.80 (10.96) | 0.138 | 0.004** | 0.265 |
| iHR-ML | 77.96 (8.34) | 73.60 (6.68) | 73.80 (10.35) | 0.213 | 0.232 | 0.955 |
| Root mean square | ||||||
| RMS -AP | 2.09 (0.85) | 1.68 (0.51) | 1.18 (0.35) | 0.208 | 0.008** | 0.002** |
| RMS-VT | 1.87 (0.46) | 1.63 (0.53) | 1.43 (0.56) | 0.278 | 0.028* | 0.367 |
| RMS-ML | 1.34 (0.42) | 1.18 (0.31) | 1.09 (0.35) | 0.341 | 0.125 | 0.508 |
Values are means ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using independent t-test
*Statistically significant at p < 0.05
** Statistically significant at p < 0.001