Figure 5.

Exploration of GWAS and proteomic data for disease signals of AD based on reconstructed gene distances. (A) Proteome (the dataset from ‘Alzheimers Dement. 88:102’): DDK-Linker identified FLT1 and IGFBP3 as candidate genes. FLT1 and IGFBP3 interact with VEGFA and IGF1, respectively. Additionally, TF and INPP5D exhibit similarity associations with IGFBP3 and FLT1, respectively. These identified genes can be confirmed by the manual curation. Both IGFBP3 and FLT1 have been reported to be involved in the pathological process of amyloid plaques and tau phosphorylation in AD. (B) GWAS (the dataset from ‘Nat Genet. 53:1722’): the linkage between RIN3 (from GWAS datasets) and BIN1 as potential AD signals by DDK-Linker. In fact, RIN3 was validated to promote amyloid-β deposition.