Table 2.
Neuropathologic Findings Stratified by Clinical Diagnosis
| Characteristic | Total | Clinical diagnosis | p Value | |||
| AD | VCI | Mixed | Control | |||
| Participants | ||||||
| n | 160 | 33 | 26 | 5 | 96 | |
| Brain weight (g) | 1312.2 (167.3) | 1185.0 (145.7) | 1278.2 (148.4) | 1293.6 (173.2) | 1366.2 (154.0) | <0.0001a |
| Diffuse Aβ plaques (Thal) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (5.5) | 3 (1.5) | 5 (4.5) | 0 (0.1) | <0.0001a |
| NFT (Braak) | 2 (0.6) | 6 (6.6) | 3 (2.6) | 6 (6.6) | 1 (0.1) | <0.0001a |
| Neuritic plaques (CERAD) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.2) | 0 (0.1) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001a |
| Lewy bodies | ||||||
| Cortical subtype | 21 (13.1) | 10 (30.3) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (40.0) | 7 (7.3) | 0.0016a |
| Brainstem subtype | 6 (3.8) | 4 (12.1) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.0359a |
| TDP-43 | 7 (4.4) | 4 (12.1) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001a |
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | ||||||
| None | 77 (48.1) | 4 (12.1) | 4 (15.4) | 2 (40.0) | 67 (69.8) | <0.0001a |
| Mild | 27 (16.9) | 7 (21.2) | 6 (23.1) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (14.6) | |
| Moderate | 15 (9.4) | 9 (27.3) | 3 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.1) | |
| Severe | 41 (25.6) | 13 (39.4) | 13 (50) | 3 (60.0) | 13 (13.5) | |
| Nonamyloid CSVD | ||||||
| No arteriolosclerosis | 23 (14.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (24.0) | <0.0001a |
| Mild arteriolosclerosis | 37 (23.1) | 6 (18.2) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 30 (31.3) | |
| Moderate arteriolosclerosis | 50 (31.3) | 17 (51.5) | 11 (42.3) | 4 (80.0) | 18 (18.8) | |
| Severe arteriolosclerosis | 50 (31.3) | 10 (30.3) | 14 (53.8) | 1 (20.0) | 25 (26.0) | |
| Lipohyalinosis | 32 (20.0) | 8 (24.2) | 10 (6.3) | 1 (20.0) | 13 (13.5) | 0.0382a |
| Fibrinoid necrosis | 15 (9.4) | 2 (6.1) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (20.0) | 6 (6.3) | 0.0473a |
| Perivascular space dilatation | 109 (68.1) | 26 (78.8) | 25 (96.2) | 4 (80.0) | 54 (56.3) | 0.0005a |
| Venous collagenosis | 143 (55.0) | 31 (93.9) | 23 (88.5) | 4 (80.0) | 85 (88.5) | 0.7339 |
| Microinfarcts | 30 (18.8) | 10 (30.3) | 5 (19.2) | 2 (40.0) | 13 (13.5) | 0.1075 |
| Mediacalcinosis | 50 (31.3) | 15 (45.5) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (20.0) | 28 (29.2) | 0.2218 |
| Any ischemic lesion | 40 (25.0) | 11 (33.3) | 9 (34.6) | 2 (40.0) | 18 (18.8) | 0.1643 |
| Any hemorrhagic lesion | 45 (28.1) | 8 (24.2) | 10 (38.5) | 1 (20.0) | 26 (27.1) | 0.6073 |
One-way ANOVA for brain weight; mean (SD).
Kruskall-Wallis for ABC scores; median (0.25, 0.75).
Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables; count (%).
a
p Value < 0.05.