Table 5.

Maximum moments of muscle forces in the distal joints of the upper limbs among the office workers reporting complaints of hand and wrist pain, tested at the Biomechanics Laboratory of Central Institute for Labor Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland, 2021

Parameter	Measurement		Z	p
	before the exercises	after the exercises
Supination [Nm] (M±SD)
right forearm
exercises group	3.78±2.32	4.03±2.56	−1.23	0.220
non-exercises group	4.18±2.27	4.60±2.36	−0.52	0.600
left forearm
exercises group	3.06±2.13	3.33±2.41	−0.98	0.327
non-exercises group	3.34±2.43	3.06±2.85	−0.67	0.505
Pronation [Nm] (M±SD)
right forearm
exercises group	5.26±2.37	6.13±2.70	−3.48	0.001*
non-exercises group	6.11 ±2.65	6.38±2.28	−1.01	0.311
left forearm
exercises group	5.11 ±2.18	6.26±2.57	−4.42	0.001*
non-exercises group	5.61 ±1.79	5.97±2.01	−0.94	0.345
Extension [Nm] (M±SD)
right hand
exercises group	6.09±2.90	7.09±2.94	−3.14	0.002*
non-exercises group	8.02±3.69	8.03±2.59	−0.59	0.552
left hand
exercises group	5.86±2.65	6.49±2.59	−2.31	0.021*
non-exercises group	6.99±3.17	7.02±3.33	0.00	1.00
Flexion [Nm] (M±SD)
right hand
exercises group	10.84±4.44	12.92±4.92	−4.07	0.001*
non-exercises group	13.60±4.97	13.40±4.97	−0.35	0.727
left hand
exercises group	11.04±4.77	12.83±5.05	−3.93	0.001*
non-exercises group	14.95±5.99	13.71±6.06	−1.64	0.101

^*p < 0.05.