Table 3.

Proposed tribocorrosion Models in the past 11 years

Author	Proposed models for tribocorrosion	Advantage	Disadvantage
Stack et al. [107]	Based on the specified assumptions, the mass loss of erosion and corrosion can be formulated	The equations can generate different maps between parameters, which can apply in a typical experimental setup	The formulated material losses of erosion and corrosion are deducted from a series of assumptions. If the assumptions are not fulfilled, the model might not be accurate
Goldberg and Gilbert [108]	The peak generated current due to the removal of a passive layer can be calculated by adding currents from the metal dissolution and film formation	According to the electrochemical aspect, the theoretical corrosion loss from the destruction of a passive film can be estimated	The proposed equation cannot predict the peak currents beyond a range of applied potentials, exhibiting the necessity of further research
Mischler et al. [109]	The generated current from the reciprocating sliding is computed with the proposed model	The analytical expression includes the effect of sliding frequency to calculate the induced corrosion loss	There is no component in the equation addressing the influence of overpotential on the incremented currents
Jiang and Stack [110]	Following Mischler’s work, a more detailed expression of corrosion loss from tribocorrosion is formulated. Besides, the wear components in the process of tribocorrosion are listed, and the total synergistic material loss from tribocorrosion is proposed	With the inclusion of fracture mechanics, more detailed corrosion-induced wear mechanisms are included and discussed, demonstrating the synergism between tribology and corrosion	Since the proposed model follows previous Mischler’s study, the effect of overpotential in electrochemistry is still underestimated. Besides, the study did not include experimental data to verify the model
Von der Ohe et al. [111]	Based on Jiang’s model and Archard’s wear equation, the authors proposed a multi-degradation mechanism for the tribocorrosion phenomenon on the hydraulic piston	Incorporating the hardness criteria clearly indicates wear mechanisms for the examined systems	The hardness criterion is obtained through empirical observation, which might not be applicable in different scenarios
Vieira et al. [112]	The authors proposed a galvanic model between the wear track and the intact surface	The model can simulate the change of potentials during the rubbing	The model is not considered material properties and tribological perspectives in the proposed model
Cao et al. [113]	The tribocorrosion model is proposed through mechanical analysis and prior studies’ electrochemical equations	The model exhibited comparable results to the experimental data and was proposed to apply to the prediction of material loss on total hip replacement	The influence of electrochemical potential is not included in the model, and the prediction is generally higher than the material loss from the experiments
Gilbert and Zhu [114]	Following the previous model, the authors included the high-field oxide growth model and presented an integral heredity model describing the tribocorrosion phenomenon	The model showed a close fit in the induced current and a similar potential drop in open-circuit potential	The mechanical component was considered in the simple condition, which might need further modification to apply to complicated applications