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. 2023 Nov 16;8(2):267–282. doi: 10.1093/evlett/qrad057

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEN).

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 3. — Topology of metazoan CARD-caspase phylogeny obtained by Bayesian inference using full-length sequence alignments. Four strongly supported monophyletic groups are identified: caspase-9, caspase-2, inflammatory caspases and caspase-Y. Together they form a clade strictly corresponding to bilaterian animals. Caspase-2 is widely distributed among bilaterians [Deuterostomia + Ecdysozoa + Lophotrochozoa/Spiralia] reflecting an ancestral origin. Conversely, caspase-9 is strictly restricted to deuterostomian animals. Inflammatory caspases are restricted to vertebrates, and caspase-Y are protostomian specific. Sequences of non-bilaterians (Cnidaria + Ctenophora + Placozoa) form divergent paraphyletic groups. The selected out group are the CARD-caspases of Porifera Amphimedon queenslandica.