TABLE 2.

Semen parameters of raw specimen and after DG and MFSS processing

		Cycles
		History			Study		DG vs. MFSS
	Raw	DG	P value	Raw	MFSS	P value	P value
Volume (mL) (M ± SD)	2.0 ± 1.3	0.5 ± 0	<0.001	2.0 ± 1.2	0.6 ± 0	<0.001	–
Concentration (×106/mL) (M ± SD)	36.7 ± 32	12.8 ± 11	<0.001	35.4 ± 31	8.0 ± 13	<0.001	–
Total Motility (%) (M ± SD)	34.5 ± 15	71.3 ± 34*	<0.001	37.2 ± 11	96.9 ± 9*	<0.001	<0.001
Normal Morphology (%) (M ± SD)	2.0 ± 1	2.0 ± 1†	NS	2.2 ± 1	3.3 ± 1†	<0.05	<0.01
Total SCF (%) (M ± SD)	26.2 ± 8	18.0 ± 6‡	<0.001	26.2 ± 8	1.9 ± 1‡	<0.001	<0.001
dsDNA Fragmentation (%) (M ± SD)	3.6 ± 2	3.1 ± 1ƒ	NS	3.6 ± 2	0.3 ± 0.2ƒ	<0.001	<0.001

^*Paired t-test, Effect of sperm selection method on motility.

^†Paired t-test, Effect of sperm selection method on normal morphology.

^‡Paired t-test, Effect of sperm selection method on total Sperm Chromatin Fragmentation (SCF).

^ƒPaired t-test, Effect of sperm selection method on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragmentation.

DG: density gradient.

MFSS: microfluidic sperm selection.