Table 2.

Example therapies for painful chronic pancreatitis

Therapy category	Examples
Medical	Alcohol and Tobacco cessation World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder (stepwise treatment with nonopioid agents, weak opioids, strong opioids, with or without adjuvants)
Endoscopic	ERCP +/− ESWL
Surgical (drainage or resective therapies)	Puestow Procedure Frey Procedure Beger Procedure Whipple Procedure Partial pancreatectomy (of diseased portion of organ) Total pancreatectomy with auto-islet cell transplant
Adjuvant	Cognitive behavioral therapy Neuroleptic agents (gabapentin, pregabalin, serotonin reuptake inhibitor agents, etc)

Examples of available treatments for painful CP which are commonly offered for painful chronic pancreatitis in a clinical setting. This list represents common clinical practices in the United States, shaped by national and international guidelines for the treatment of pancreatic pain, however is not exhaustive and continues to evolve based on available data and emerging treatments.

ERCP = endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ESWL = extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.