Table 4.

Comparison of acute and intraoperative/perioperative treatment of patients with VITT-associated CVST and patients with non-VITT CVST

Parameter	VITT-associated CVST (n = 16)	Non-VITT CVST (n = 16)	p value
Patients with therapeutic anticoagulation before surgery, n (%)	14/16 (87.5)	16/16 (100)	0.484
Argatroban	11/16 (68.8)	0
Fondaparinux	1 (6.3)	0
Low molecular weight heparins	3/16 (18.8)	2/16 (12.5)
Unfractionated heparin	0	14/16 (87.5)
Missing data	1/16 (6.3)	0
Time from hospital admission to beginning of anticoagulation, M ± SD (h)	5.8 ± 5.0 (n = 12)	6.8 ± 6.6	0.767
Patients with immunomodulatory treatment, n (%)	15/16 (93.8)	–	–
Immunoglobulins	13/16 (81.3)	–	–
Corticosteroids	3/16 (18.8)	–	–
Plasma exchange	0	–	–
Other	1/16 (6.3)	–	–
Time from hospital admission to beginning of immunomodulatory treatment, M ± SD (h)	13.5 ± 19.0 (n = 13)	–	–
Venous mechanical thrombectomy, n (%)	3/16 (18.8)	5/16 (31.3)	0.685
Stopping anticoagulation before surgery, n (%)	7/14 (50.0)	9/13 (69.2)	0.532
Time from stopping anticoagulation to surgery, M ± SD (h)	1.9 ± 1.9 (n = 7)	3.7 ± 3.3 (n = 9)	0.055
Kind of DS, n (%)	Unilateral: 14 (87.5)	Unilateral: 12 (75.0)	–
	Bilateral: 0	Bilateral: 3 (18.8)
	Suboccipital: 2 (12.5)	Suboccipital: 1 (6.3)
Duration of surgery, M ± SD (minutes)	120 ± 77	152 ± 86	0.128
Intraoperative volume replacement, M ± SD (ml)	2440 ± 2057 (n = 13)	1983 ± 1223 (n = 11)	0.865
Intraoperative/perioperative replacements, n (%)
Erythrocyte concentrate	3/15 (20.0)	5/16 (31.3)	0.685
Thrombocyte concentrate	10/15 (66.7)	3/16 (18.8)	0.003
Tranexamic acid	7/15 (43.8)	1/16 (6.3)	0.015
Desmopressin	1/14 (7.1)	1/16 (6.3)	1.0
PCC	4/16 (25.0)	3/16 (18.8)	1.0
Fibrinogen	5/16 (31.3)	0	0.043
Complications during surgery, n (%)	3/15 (20.0)	1/16 (6.3)	0.333

CVST cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, DS decompressive surgery, M mean, SD standard deviation, PCC prothrombin complex concentrate, VITT vaccine-induced immune thrombosis with thrombocytopenia