. 2023 Dec 5;22(2):163–180. doi: 10.1007/s41105-023-00500-1

Table 2.

Summary for the association between kidney cancer and circadian clock genes

Author	Refs	Study design	Study size	Function	Main result
Zhou	[128]	Bioinformatics tool	533 KIRC samples	Genotyping prediction	Highly expressed CLOCK, CRY1/2, PER2/3, and RORA had better OS Increased CLOCK, CRY1/2, PER1/2/3, and RORA enjoyed better DFS BMAL1, PER1/2, RORA, and NR1D1 were significantly upregulated but CLOCK and CRY1/2 were downregulated
Qiu	[134]	Bioinformatics tool	538 cases and 72 adjacent normal tissues	Genotyping prediction	High levels of CLOCK, PER1/2/3, NR1D2, and RORA experienced longer OS Increased Timeless and NPAS2 levels indicated poor survival CLOCK, PER1/2/3, CRY2, NPAS2, NR1D2, and RORA were highly expressed in kidney cancer patients with TNM stage (I-II) PER1/2/3, CRY2, Timeless, NPAS2, NR1D2, and RORA were highly expressed in well differentiated carcinoma type (G1, G2)

Author

Refs

Study design

Study size

Function

Main result

Zhou

Bioinformatics tool

533 KIRC samples

Genotyping prediction

Highly expressed CLOCK, CRY1/2, PER2/3, and RORA had better OS

Increased CLOCK, CRY1/2, PER1/2/3, and RORA enjoyed better DFS

BMAL1, PER1/2, RORA, and NR1D1 were significantly upregulated but CLOCK and CRY1/2 were downregulated

Qiu

Bioinformatics tool

538 cases and 72 adjacent normal tissues

Genotyping prediction

High levels of CLOCK, PER1/2/3, NR1D2, and RORA experienced longer OS

Increased Timeless and NPAS2 levels indicated poor survival

CLOCK, PER1/2/3, CRY2, NPAS2, NR1D2, and RORA were highly expressed in kidney cancer patients with TNM stage (I-II)

PER1/2/3, CRY2, Timeless, NPAS2, NR1D2, and RORA were highly expressed in well differentiated carcinoma type (G1, G2)