. 2023 Oct 17;15(2):177–186. doi: 10.1007/s13340-023-00667-5

Table 2.

Correlation between birth weight SD scores and clinical parameters using correlation analysis (Pearson correlation)

	All n = 204		Women with T1DM n = 135		Women with T2DM n = 69
	Correlation coefficient	p value	Correlation coefficient	p value	Correlation coefficient	p value
Maternal age	0.111	0.116	0.062	0.478	0.152	0.214
Duration of diabetes	− 0.051^a	0.468^a	− 0.054	0.535	0.102^a	0.403^a
Height	0.224	0.001	0.257	0.003	0.194	0.111
Pre-pregnancy body weight	0.190^a	0.007^a	0.197^a	0.022^a	0.142	0.246
Pre-pregnancy BMI	0.109^a	0.119^a	0.087^a	0.316^a	0.085	0.487
Pre-pregnancy underweight		0.071^b		0.371^b		0.048^b
Pre-pregnancy obesity		0.745^b		0.957^b		0.902^b
Primipara		0.967^b		0.521^b		0.317^b
Retinopathy		0.595^b		0.690^b		0.152^b
Nephropathy		0.766^b		–		0.965^b
Ex-smokers		0.888^b		0.084^b		0.018^b
Glycemic control
Mean HbA1c in first trimester	0.017^a	0.819^a	0.048^a	0.592^a	− 0.059^a	0.655^a
Mean HbA1c in second trimester	0.120^a	0.091^a	0.178	0.041	0.075^a	0.549^a
Mean HbA1c in third trimester	0.264^a	< 0.001^a	0.231^a	0.007^a	0.351^a	0.003^a
Mean GA in first trimester	0.053^a	0.496^a	0.149^a	0.107^a	− 0.074^a	0.600^a
Mean GA in second trimester	0.084^a	0.238^a	0.127	0.147	0.109	0.379
Mean GA in third trimester	0.130^a	0.065^a	0.096^a	0.268^a	0.226^a	0.061^a
Lipid profiles
Total cholesterol in first trimester	− 0.011^a	0.901^a	0.082	0.446	− 0.229^a	0.149^a
Total cholesterol in third trimester	− 0.015^a	0.849^a	0.069^a	0.468^a	− 0.106^a	0.435^a
Log triglycerides in first trimester	0.125	0.105	0.173^a	0.063^a	− 0.110	0.436
Log triglycerides in third trimester	0.325	< 0.001	0.294	0.001	0.365	0.005
Gestational age at delivery	0.037^a	0.597^a	0.053	0.542	0.008	0.951
Gestational weight gain	0.270	< 0.001	0.215	0.012	0.440	< 0.001
Maximum insulin dose	0.028^a	0.687^a	− 0.012^a	0.887^a	0.190^a	0.117^a

SD standard deviation, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, GA glycated albumin

^aSpearman correlation, ^bStudent’s t test