Table 6.

Generalized linear model for thickness changes of masseter and temporal muscles.

Total TMD patients (n = 96)	Upright position_Resting_Masseter m					Upright position_Resting_Temporalis m
	Coefficient (B)	Standard error	95% wald CI_lower	95% wald CI_upper	p-value	Coefficient (B)	Standard error	95% wald CI_lower	95% wald CI_upper	p-value
Demographics
Age	0.001	0.010	− 0.019	0.022	0.891	− 0.003	0.001	− 0.005	0.000	0.038*
Female [ref. = male]	− 1.018	0.427	− 1.855	− 0.181	0.017*	− 0.201	0.496	− 0.299	− 0.103	0.011*
Clinical characteristics
VAS [ref. < average value]	− 0.028	0.407	− 0.825	0.769	0.945	0.034	0.051	− 0.066	0.134	0.500
Preauricular pain [ref. = none]	− 0.006	0.006	− 0.018	0.005	0.277	− 0.001	0.001	− 0.003	0.000	0.073
Chronicity [ref. = none]	− 0.028	0.403	− 0.818	0.762	0.945	− 0.018	0.051	− 0.117	0.081	0.720
TMJ noise [ref. = none]	− 0.558	0.401	− 1.343	0.227	0.164	0.006	0.050	− 0.093	0.104	0.908
TMD pain [ref. = none]	− 0.293	0.374	− 1.027	0.440	0.433	− 0.053	0.047	− 0.145	0.038	0.256
Locking [ref. = none]	0.456	0.560	− 0.642	1.554	0.416	1.098	0.745	− 0.362	2.558	0.140
Stiffness [ref. = none]	0.488	0.385	− 0.266	1.243	0.205	− 1.373	0.508	− 2.369	− 0.376	0.007**
Contributing factor
Bruxism [ref. = none]	0.868	0.443	0.567	1.169	0.048*	0.010	0.056	− 0.099	0.119	0.862
Psychological stress [ref. = none]	0.127	0.394	− 0.646	0.900	0.748	− 0.089	0.049	− 0.184	0.007	0.069
Unilateral chewing [ref. = none]	− 0.336	0.365	− 1.052	0.380	0.358	0.038	0.046	− 0.052	0.127	0.411
Hard food [ref. = none]	0.020	0.536	− 1.030	1.070	0.970	− 0.534	0.710	− 1.926	0.858	0.452
Sleep problem [ref. = none]	0.601	0.397	− 0.177	1.379	0.130	− 0.012	0.012	− 0.056	0.033	0.091
Tinnitus [ref. = none]	− 0.121	0.438	− 0.979	0.736	0.782	0.011	0.055	− 0.097	0.119	0.843
Occlusal dysesthesia [ref. = none]	0.279	0.438	− 0.579	1.137	0.524	0.019	0.055	− 0.089	0.127	0.727
TMD diagnosis based on DC/TMD
Mixed TMD [ref. = arthrogenous TMD]	− 0.002	0.459	− 0.901	0.897	0.996	0.149	0.126	− 0.098	0.395	0.237
Myogenous TMD [ref. = arthrogenous TMD]	0.189	0.462	− 0.717	1.096	0.682	0.085	0.127	− 0.163	0.333	0.502

The results were obtained using a generalized linear model.

CI confidence interval, m muscle, DC/TMD diagnostic criterion for temporomandibular disorders.

Significant values are in bold.

*p-value < 0.05.

**p-value < 0.01.