Table 5.
Nomograms on prediction of metastasis and survival
| Study | Prediction model | Patient population | Outcome measure | No of Patients | Variables | Discrimination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partin et al82 | Probability graph | RP | Local versus distant recurrence | 1058 | PSAV, GS, pathologic stage | NA |
| Pound et al83 | Probability table | BCR after RP | Metastasis (7 years) | 315 | PSADT, GS, time to BCR | 56% |
| D'Amico et al84 | Probability graph | RP | PCa-specific mortality (8 years) | 4946 | Biopsy Gleason sum, CS, PSA | NA |
| Freedland et al85 | Probability table | BCR after RP | Cancer-specific survival (10 years) | 379 | PSADT, GS, time from surgery to BCR | 59% |
| D'Amico et al84 | Probability graph | EBRT | PCa-specific mortality (8 years) | 2370 | Biopsy GS, CS, PSA | NA |
| Kattan et al86 | Probability nomogram development | EBRT | Metastasis (5 years) | 1677, 1626 | PSA, CS, biopsy GS | 81% |
| Zhou et al87 | Probability graph | EBRT | PCa-specific mortality (5 years) | 661 | PSADT, biopsy GS | NA |
| Stephenson et al88 | Probability nomogram development | Salvage RT for BCR after RP | BCR after RT (7 years) | 1540 | Prostatectomy PSA, GS, SV invasion, ECE, surgical margin status, LN metastasis, persistently elevated PSA after RP, pre-radiotherapy PSA, PSADT, neoadjuvant ADT, radiation dose |
69% |
| Zhou et al87 | Probability graph | BCR after RP | PCa-specific mortality (5 years) | 498 | PSADT | NA |
| Slovin et al16 | Probability nomogram development | BCR after RP or RT | Metastasis (1–2 years) | 148 | Baseline PSA, PSADT, Pathologic T stage, GS | 69% |
| Smaletz et al89 | Probability nomogram development | progressive metastatic PCa after castration | OS (1–2 years) | 409, 433 | Age, Karnofsky performance index, hemoglobin, PSA, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin | 71% |
| Halabi et al90 | Probability nomogram development | Metastatic HRPC | OS (1–2 years) | 1101 | Lactate dehydrogenase, PSA, alkaline phosphatase, GS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, hemoglobin, presence of visceral disease |
68% |
RP, radical prostatectomy; PSA, prostate specific antigen; PSADT, prostate specific antigen doubling time; BCR, biochemical recurrence; PCa, prostate cancer; OS, overall survival; GS, Gleason sum; CS, clinical stage; GG, Gleason grade; ECE,extracapsular extension; SV, seminal vesicle; LN, lymph node; EBRT, external beam radiotherapy; RT, radiotherapy; HRPC, hormone-refractory prostate cancer; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; NA, not available.