Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all enrolled patients.
|
|
Internal data set | External data set | External data set | |||||||||
| Variable | Test (n=98) | Train or validation (n=879) | From KNUHa (n=1429) | P valueb | From MIMIC-IVc (n=2395) | P valued | ||||||
| Female, n (%) | 31 (31.6) | 328 (37.3) | 555 (38.8) | .32 | 1021 (42.6) | .002 | ||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 67.65 (15.49) | 68.38 (15.56) | 70.48 (14.39) | .002 | 65.38 (15.64) | <.001 | ||||||
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 163.56 (9.04) | 162.42 (9.61) | 161.36 (9.51) | .006 | 168.87 (10.67) | <.001 | ||||||
| Body weight (kg), mean (SD) | 58.54 (15.80) | 57.02 (13.27) | 58.36 (13.60) | .06 | 83.01 (25.20) | <.001 | ||||||
| Race, n (%) | >.99 |
|
<.001 | |||||||||
|
|
Asian | 98 (100) | 979 (100) | 1429 (100) |
|
51 (2.1) |
|
|||||
|
|
African-American | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
219 (9.1) |
|
|||||
|
|
Hispanic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
81 (3.4) |
|
|||||
|
|
Non-Hispanic White | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
1591 (66.4) |
|
|||||
| Serum trough value (mg/L), mean (SD) | 14.49 (10.33) | 15.01 (10.29) | 13.37 (9.49) | <.001 | 17.58 (8.44) | <.001 | ||||||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.10 (1.16) | 1.11 (1.32) | 1.06 (1.34) | .66 | 1.55 (1.34) | <.001 | ||||||
| Dialysis, mean (SD) | 3 (3.1) | 41 (4.7) | 55 (3.8) | .55 | 144 (6.0) | .099 | ||||||
| The total dose of vancomycin before TDMe (mg), mean (SD) | 3961.28 (2812.91) | 4289.52 (3504.59) | 4446.94 (4933.77) | .45 | 3213.99 (2488.45) | <.001 | ||||||
| Number of vancomycin injections, n (%) | 4.42 (2.72) | 4.80 (4.03) | 4.77 (5.17) | .75 | 3.10 (2.25) | <.001 | ||||||
| The average dose of vancomycin before TDM (mg), mean (SD) | 882.40 (207.66) | 891.90 (186.89) | 931.31 (184.90) | <.001 | 1030.84 (171.60) | <.001 | ||||||
| Time between administration of vancomycin and the TDM (day), mean (SD) | 3.81 (1.37) | 4.01 (2.70) | 2.86 (2.62) | <.001 | 2.54 (2.07) | <.001 | ||||||
| Interval among each dose of vancomycin (hours), mean (SD) | 21.43 (11.59) | 21.12 (11.75) | 16.90 (10.58) | <.001 | 17.88 (12.06) | <.001 | ||||||
| Vancomycin loading, mean (SD) | 8 (8.2) | 54 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 | 0 (0.0) | <.001 | ||||||
| Volume distribution (L), mean (SD) | 40.98 (11.06) | 39.92 (9.29) | 40.86 (9.52) | .06 | 58.11 (17.64) | <.001 | ||||||
| Adjusted volume distribution (L), mean (SD) | 39.38 (3.81) | 39.17 (3.34) | 39.82 (3.25) | <.001 | 44.38 (5.74) | <.001 | ||||||
| CrClf (minutes), mean (SD) | 91.49 (73.26) | 84.06 (58.85) | 90.36 (82.44) | .13 | 82.56 (64.02) | <.001 | ||||||
| CrCl (hours), mean (SD) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.07) | .13 | 0.07 (0.05) | <.001 | ||||||
| The elimination rate constant at infusion time (Kt), mean (SD) | 1.70 (1.26) | 1.59 (1.21) | 1.17 (1.07) | <.001 | 1.07 (0.85) | <.001 | ||||||
| Trough levels of vancomycin (mcg/mL), mean (SD) | 10.07 (9.15) | 12.19 (14.62) | 20.87 (20.79) | <.001 | 18.84 (22.81) | <.001 | ||||||
| eGFRg MDRDh, mean (SD) | 116.94 (100.14) | 114.23 (90.33) | 122.70 (123.49) | .20 | 73.85 (67.13) | <.001 | ||||||
| eGFR CKD-EPIi, mean (SD) | 82.33 (39.87) | 82.00 (38.47) | 84.35 (36.96) | .33 | 62.94 (38.54) | <.001 | ||||||
| Vancomycin clearance, mean (SD) | 4.00 (3.03) | 3.69 (2.43) | 3.96 (3.41) | .13 | N/A | N/A | ||||||
aKNUH: Kangwon National University Hospital.
bP value: comparison of the internal data set with the external data set from KNU hospital in Korea.
cMIMIC-IV: Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care–IV.
dP value: comparison of the internal data set with the external data set from MIMIC-IV.
eTDM: therapeutic drug monitoring.
fCrCl: creatinine clearance.
geGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
hMDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease.
iCKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.