Table 2.

Extent of Testing of SMT Through Application in Nursing Practice¹⁶ Among Adults With Cancer^a (N = 3^b)

Author (Year)	Criteria 1c	Criteria 2d	Criteria 3e	Criteria 4f	Criteria 5g	Criteria 6h	Criteria 7i	Use of SMT in Nursing Practice
Skrutkowski et al (2008)31	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	Developed a specialized nursing role (pivot nurse in oncology) and tested its impact on patient outcomes
Moore et al (2008)32,b Johnson et al (2007)36,b	√	√	√	√	√	×	×	Developed a multifaceted quality improvement and education program (AIM Higher Initiative) to improve symptom assessment, management, and information distribution
Zibecchi et al (2003)38,b Ganz et al (2000)39,b	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	Developed a structured program (Comprehensive Menopausal Assessment) based on SMT dimensions and tested clinical protocols for symptom management

Abbreviation: SMT, Symptom Management Theory.

^aCheck marks indicate fulfillment and cross sign “x” indicate nonfulfillment of criteria.

^bArticles related to the same study.

^cCriteria 1: A purpose is to demonstrate the problem-solving effectiveness of the theory for nursing practice.

^dCriteria 2: Study explicitly states the model as framework for application process.

^eCriteria 3: The plan for implementation identifies specific problems targeted for solution through application of the nursing theory.

^fCriteria 4: The problems to be addressed represent interesting, important, and ethical problems for nursing practice.

^gCriteria 5: Outcomes are measured in terms of problem-solving effectiveness of the applied nursing theory.

^hCriteria 6: Problem-solving effectiveness is determined in comparison with applications in which the nursing theory is not used.

ⁱCriteria 7: Findings are discussed in terms of how the nursing theory was instrumental in defining and implementing problem-solving strategies.