Table 1. List of commonly made chemicals and potential chemicals to be made.

Pathway length denotes the number of enzymatic steps from the nearest intermediates of central carbon metabolism, where → denotes <5 steps, →→ denotes 5–10 steps, →→→ denotes 10–20 steps, and →→→→ denotes >20 steps. For value, $ denotes <$3/kg, $ $ denotes $3–9/kg, $ $ $ denotes $10–500/kg, $ $ $ $ denotes >$500/kg (prices from Alibaba, Sigma-Aldrich, and Biosynth). For market size, • denotes data not available or <$100 million, •• denotes $100–199 million, ••• denotes $200 million-1 billion, and •••• denotes >$1 billion (data from GrandView Research, Future Market Insights, and StrategyHelix).

Product	Category	Pathway Length	# of Oxygenases	Value	Market Size
Ethanol	Fuels	→	0	$	••••
Succinic acid	Bulk commodities	→	0	$	•••
2,3-butanediol	Fuels	→	0	$	••
β-carotene	Natural products	→→→	0	$ $ $	•••
Astaxanthin	Natural products	→→→	0	$ $ $	•••
Resveratrol	Natural products	→→→	0	$ $ $	••
Adipic acid	Bulk commodities	→→	0	$	••••
1-octanol	Fuels	→→	0	$ $	••••
Levulinic acid	Bulk commodities	→	0	$	•
Avermectins	Natural products	→→→→	1	$ $ $ $	•••
Nodulisporic acids	Natural products	→→→	3	$ $ $ $	•
Pyrrolnitrin	Natural products	→→→→	1	$ $ $ $	•