Table 2.
Associations Between Antibiotic Use, Probiotic Use, Dietary Behaviors, Exercise Behaviors and GI Symptoms. Reported as Unstandardized Beta Coefficient (Standard Error).
| GI symptom | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belly pain | Constipation | Diarrhea | Gas/bloating | ||
| Consumption of antibiotics and probiotics | Antibiotic | 3.15 (1.35)* | 2.10 (1.09)* | 3.08 (1.16)* | 0.97 (1.02) |
| Probiotic | 4.95 (1.39)* | 1.35 (1.11) | 1.89 (1.18) | 4.54 (1.05)* | |
| Dietary behavior | Diet healthiness | −2.76 (1.26)* | −1.29 (1.01) | −1.03 (1.07) | −2.65 (0.96)* |
| Processed foods | 0.85 (1.28) | 1.20 (1.03) | 0.53 (1.10) | −0.04 (0.96) | |
| Vegetables | 0.24 (1.11) | −0.05 (0.88) | 0.37 (0.94) | 0.75 (0.83) | |
| Fruits | −0.19 (1.24) | −0.25 (0.99) | −0.91 (1.06) | −0.37 (0.93) | |
| Protein | −2.52 (1.13)* | −1.46 (0.92) | −0.76 (0.98) | −0.77 (0.87) | |
| Whole grains |
−1.22 (1.16) | 1.53 (0.93) | −0.67 (1.00) | −0.74 (0.88) | |
| Exercise behavior | Frequency | −0.49 (0.77) | 0.03 (0.63) | −0.48 (0.66) | −0.60 (0.58) |
| Intensity | 2.12 (1.29) | 1.77 (1.07) | 1.36 (1.14) | 1.42 (0.99) | |
Note. *Significant associations (P < .05) in bold.