Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by geographic region
| Characteristics | Overall | Geographical region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Asia | South Asia | Southeast Asia | Latin America | Europe | The Middle East and Africa | P value | ||
| N | 3889 | 2396 | 813 | 285 | 177 | 110 | 108 | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 59.0 ± 13.3 | 59.5 ± 13.7 | 56.2 ± 12.4 | 61.2 ± 11.4 | 61.8 ± 13.2 | 58.8 ± 9.7 | 59.8 ± 14.6 | < .0001 |
| Male | 2981 (76.7) | 1771 (73.9) | 652 (80.2) | 240 (84.2) | 134 (75.7) | 89 (80.9) | 95 (88.0) | < .0001 |
| Indication for ICD/CRT-D | ||||||||
| PP | 2696 (69.3) | 1556 (64.9) | 642 (79.0) | 221 (77.5) | 127 (71.8) | 80 (72.7) | 70 (64.8) | < .0001 |
| ICD/CRT-D implant | 2465 (63.4) | 1662 (69.4) | 292 (35.9) | 147 (51.6) | 163 (92.1) | 109 (99.1) | 94 (87.0) | < .0001 |
| CRT-D implanted | 811 (20.9) | 535 (22.3) | 89 (10.9) | 24 (8.4) | 64 (36.2) | 58 (52.7) | 41 (38.0) | < .0001 |
| Medical history | ||||||||
| NYHA Class, I/II/III/IV (%) |
5.1/43.4/ 42.8/1.1 |
5/30.3/53.4/1.5 | 4.2/68.5/23.2/0.5 | 6/76.8/11.6/0 | 10.7/52.5/31.6/0.6 | 2.7/33.6/61.8/0 | 6.5/50/38/1.9 | < .0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1660 (42.7) | 818 (34.1) | 463 (57.0) | 202 (70.9) | 73 (41.2) | 58 (52.7) | 46 (42.6) | < .0001 |
| ICM | 838 (21.5) | 392 (16.4) | 223 (27.4) | 67 (23.5) | 84 (47.5) | 31 (28.2) | 41 (38.0) | < .0001 |
| NICM | 2238 (57.5) | 1518 (63.4) | 382 (47.0) | 150 (52.6) | 82 (46.3) | 49 (44.5) | 57 (52.8) | < .0001 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 2119 (54.5) | 1414 (59.0) | 363 (44.6) | 147 (51.6) | 87 (49.2) | 47 (42.7) | 61 (56.5) | < .0001 |
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | 92 (2.4) | 78 (3.3) | 8 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 0.0005 |
| Valvular disfunction | 1070 (27.5) | 804 (33.6) | 94 (11.6) | 44 (15.4) | 63 (35.6) | 52 (47.3) | 13 (12.0) | < .0001 |
| Primary/idiopathic electrical disease | 160 (4.1) | 118 (4.9) | 12 (1.5) | 7 (2.5) | 19 (10.7) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (2.8) | < .0001 |
| Idiopathic structural heart disease | 55 (1.4) | 20 (0.8) | 11 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (8.5) | 3 (2.7) | 5 (5.6) | < .0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1323 (34) | 929 (38.8) | 121 (14.9) | 139 (48.8) | 45 (25.4) | 60 (54.5) | 29 (26.9) | < .0001 |
| Syncope or presyncope | 672 (17.3) | 426 (17.8) | 117 (14.4) | 25 (8.8) | 38 (21.5) | 23 (20.9) | 43 (39.8) | < .0001 |
| NSVT | 986 (25.4) | 745 (31.1) | 92 (11.3) | 39 (13.7) | 42 (23.7) | 38 (34.5) | 30 (27.8) | < .0001 |
| Hypertension | 1436 (36.9) | 843 (35.2) | 251 (30.9) | 191 (67.0) | 60 (33.9) | 61 (55.5) | 30 (27.8) | < .0001 |
| Diabetes | 1066 (27.7) | 518 (21.7) | 317 (40.7) | 133 (46.8) | 40 (22.6) | 17 (15.5) | 41 (38.0) | < .0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1260 (32.4) | 544 (22.7) | 423 (52.0) | 123 (43.2) | 81 (45.8) | 48 (43.6) | 41 (38.0) | < .0001 |
| LBBB | 735 (18.9) | 410 (17.1) | 169 (20.8) | 21 (7.4) | 45 (25.4) | 48 (43.6) | 42 (38.9) | < .0001 |
| PR duration (ms) | 175 ± 41.1 | 178 ± 41.3 | 164.8 ± 37.9 | 179.9 ± 36.9 | 169.1 ± 46.5 | 188.4 ± 37.2 | 170.4 ± 48.7 | < .0001 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 121.7 + 34.3 | 122.7 ± 34.3 | 119.3 ± 35.2 | 108.3 ± 23.5 | 125.3 ± 37.1 | 139.0 ± 37.7 | 128.6 ± 33.6 | < .0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 31.6 ± 12.5 | 33.7 ± 13.6 | 28.2 ± 7.8 | 25.8 ± 9.5 | 28.7 ± 11.1 | 33.7 ± 13.0 | 29.1 ± 11.1 | < .0001 |
| Baseline therapy | ||||||||
| Antiarrhythmics, excluding beta blockers | 1660 (42.7) | 1162 (48.5) | 261 (32.1) | 56 (19.6) | 95 (53.7) | 43 (39.1) | 43 (39.8) | < .0001 |
| Beta blockers | 2772 (71.35) | 1645 (68.7) | 623 (76.6) | 207 (72.6) | 124 (70.1) | 85 (77.3) | 88 (81.5) | < .0001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 2467 (63.4) | 1500 (62.6) | 491 (60.4) | 172 (60.4) | 126 (71.2) | 92 (83.6) | 86 (79.6) | < .0001 |
| Diuretics | 2793 (71.8) | 1702 (71.0) | 607 (74.7) | 178 (62.5) | 124 (70.1) | 92 (83.6) | 90 (83.3) | < .0001 |
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality (PP) | 321 (11.9) | 171 (11.0) | 69 (10.7) | 48 (21.7) | 17 (13.4) | 4 (5.0) | 12 (17.1) | < .0001 |
| All-cause mortality (SP) | 112 (9.4) | 58 (6.9) | 22 (12.9) | 8 (12.5) | 11 (22.0) | 2 (6.7) | 11 (28.9) | < .0001 |
| SCD (PP) | 88 (3.3) | 28 (1.8) | 46 (7.2) | 10 (4.5) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.4) | < .0001 |
| SCD (SP) | 29 (2.4) | 8 (1.0) | 15 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.0) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (5.3) | < .0001 |
Abbreviations: PP primary prevention, ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, CRT-D cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator, NYHA New York Heart Association, ICM ischaemic cardiomyopathy, NICM non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, NSVT non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, LBBB left Buddle Branch Block, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, SP secondary prevention, SCD sudden cardiac death