Table 2.
Associations of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity with all-cause dementia incident
| Women | Men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | AR% | HR (95%CI) | AR% | |
| Unadjusted model | ||||
| Normal | Ref | - | Ref | - |
| Obesity | 0.993 (0.902–1.094) | NA | 1.130 (1.037–1.230) | 11.504% |
| Sarcopenia # | 2.030 (1.689–2.440) | 50.739% | 2.695 (2.243–3.240) | 62.894% |
| Sarcopenia § | 1.347 (1.184–1.533) | 25.760% | 1.766 (1.530–2.039) | 43.375% |
| Sarcopenic obesity | 1.824 (1.578–2.107) | 45.175% | 2.649 (2.275–3.083) | 62.250% |
| Age-adjusted model | ||||
| Normal | Ref | - | Ref | - |
| Obesity | 0.999 (0.907–1.100) | NA | 1.160 (1.065–1.263) | 13.793% |
| Sarcopenia # | 1.807 (1.503–2.172) | 44.660% | 2.380 (1.980–2.861) | 57.983% |
| Sarcopenia § | 1.205 (1.058–1.371) | 20.747% | 1.564 (1.355–1.806) | 36.061% |
| Sarcopenic obesity | 1.676 (1.451–1.937) | 40.334% | 2.436 (2.092–2.836) | 58.949% |
| Multivariable model | ||||
| Normal | Ref | - | Ref | - |
| Obesity | 0.920 (0.833–1.016) | NA | 1.044 (0.957–1.140) | NA |
| Sarcopenia # | 1.719 (1.429–2.068) | 41.827% | 2.158 (1.792–2.599) | 53.661% |
| Sarcopenia § | 1.156 (1.015–1.317) | 13.494% | 1.440 (1.244–1.665) | 30.556% |
| Sarcopenic obesity | 1.424 (1.227–1.653) | 29.775% | 1.989 (1.702–2.323) | 49.723% |
Multivariable model was adjusted by baseline age, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), ethnicity (White, Asian or Asian British, Black or Black British, and other), education qualifications (degree or no degree), physical activity (low, moderate and high level), smoking status (current, former, or never users), alcohol status (current, former, or never users), and vegetables consumption (continuous), fruits consumption (0–1, 2–3, and ≥ 3 pieces per day), red meat consumption (never, less than once a week, once a week, and more than twice a week), processed meat consumption (never, less than once a week, once a week, and more than twice a week), and oily fish consumption (never, less than once a week, once a week, and more than twice a week), coffee (continuous) and dairy (yes or no). Normal group consisted of those without sarcopenia, obesity, or sarcopenic obesity. HR, hazard ratio; AR%, attributable risk proportion; NA, not applicable
#Effect of sarcopenia on all-cause incident dementia risk while duration is less than 8 years
§Effect of sarcopenia on all-cause incident dementia risk while duration is no less than 8 years