Table 2. Multilevel logistic regression analysis for the factors associated with anemia prevalence among non-pregnant women in urban China, 2021.
| Variable | Overall | 18–49 years | 50 years and above | |||||
| Anemia | Moderate-severe anemia | Anemia | Moderate-severe anemia | Anemia | Moderate-severe anemia | |||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Note: hemoglobin concentration between 110.0 and 119.0 g/L was considered mild, 80–109 g/L as moderate, and lower than 80 g/L as severe. Abbreviation: OR=odds ratio; CI=confidential interval; BMI=body mass index; GDP=gross domestic product. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01. | ||||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 18–29 | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 30–39 | 1.54 (1.49, 1.59)** | 1.74 (1.68, 1.81)** | ||||||
| 40–49 | 2.12 (2.03, 2.21)** | 2.81 (2.68, 2.94)** | ||||||
| 50–59 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | ||||||
| 60–69 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | 0.50 (0.44, 0.56)** | ||||||
| 70+ | 1.60 (1.48, 1.73)** | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | ||||||
| BMI | ||||||||
| Underweight | 1.12 (1.09, 1.16)** | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08)* | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04)* | 0.96 (0.93, 0.98)* | 1.71 (1.63, 1.79)** | 1.72 (1.58, 1.87)** | ||
| Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Overweight | 0.83 (0.81, 0.85)** | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97)** | 0.92 (0.90, 0.93)** | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.73 (0.72, 0.75)** | 0.83 (0.80, 0.86)** | ||
| Obese | 0.76(0.73, 0.79)** | 0.93 (0.90, 0.96)** | 0.89 (0.86, 0.92)** | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06)* | 0.64 (0.61, 0.67)** | 0.78 (0.74, 0.82)** | ||
| History of cesarean delivery | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.08)* | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09)* | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12)* | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | ||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| GDP | ||||||||
| Lowest | 1.10 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34)* | 1.10 (0.96, 1.2t6) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31)* | 1.07 (0.89, 1.29) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.45)* | ||
| Up to median | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | ||
| Above median | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.18) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | ||
| Highest | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Engel coefficient | ||||||||
| Highest | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.99)* | 1.24 (1.05, 1.47)* | 1.16 (0.98, 1.37) | ||
| Above median | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) | 1.23 (1.03, 1.47)* | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | ||
| Up to median | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.36) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) | ||
| Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Geographic region | ||||||||
| Northern | 1.34 (1.12, 1.60)* | 1.30 (1.14, 1.47)** | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46)* | 1.23 (1.07, 1.41)* | 1.44 (1.11, 1.87)** | 1.45 (1.17, 1.79)* | ||
| Eastern | 1.47 (1.27, 1.70)** | 1.31 (1.20, 1.43)** | 1.30 (1.15, 1.46)** | 1.19 (1.10, 1.29)** | 1.79 (1.46, 2.20)** | 1.66 (1.42, 1.94)** | ||
| Central | 1.58 (1.36, 1.84)** | 1.36 (1.23, 1.49)** | 1.32 (1.16, 1.51)** | 1.18 (1.08, 1.29)** | 2.11 (1.72, 2.59)** | 1.96 (1.65, 2.31)** | ||
| Southwestern | 1.29 (0.97, 1.71) | 1.03 (0.77, 1.39) | 1.01 (0.77, 1.33) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.11) | 1.82 (1.33, 2.49)** | 1.57 (1.08, 2.28)* | ||
| Northwestern | 1.32 (1.02, 1.72)* | 1.30 (1.08, 1.57)** | 1.24 (0.97, 1.60) | 1.25 (1.04, 1.50)* | 1.40 (1.02, 1.91)* | 1.41 (1.11, 1.78)* | ||
| Northeastern | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||