Table 2.
Odds ratios for biologic exposure.
| Biologics (N=89) | No Biologics (N=53) | Odds Ratio | P value6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current pregnancy complications 1 | ||||
| Preeclampsia | 9 (10.1%) | 2 (3.8%) | 2.87 (0.60, 13.8) | 0.17 |
| Gestational diabetes | 4 (4.5%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.27 (0.08, 0.93) | 0.03 |
| Congenital abnormalities | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.20 (0.11, 13.5) | 0.89 |
| Fetal growth restriction | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.89 (0.14, 5.50) | 0.90 |
| Mode of delivery | 0.58 | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 24 (27.6%) | 18 (35.3%) | Referent | |
| Planned C/S | 22 (25.3%) | 9 (17.6%) | 1.83 (0.68, 4.92) | |
| Emergency C/S | 19 (21.8%) | 9 (17.6%) | 1.58 (0.58, 4.31) | |
| Induced labor | 22 (25.3%) | 15 (29.4%) | 1.10 (0.45, 2.70) | |
| Pregnancy outcomes | ||||
| Livebirth | 86 (98.9%) | 53 (100.0%) | - | 0.43 |
| Fetal sex | 0.29 | |||
| Female | 44 (50.6%) | 21 (41.2%) | Referent | |
| Male | 43 (49.4%) | 30 (58.8%) | 0.68 (0.34, 1.38) | |
| Gestational age in days: Mean (SD)2 | 270.3 (14.8) | 270.3 (13.0) | 1.00 (0.98,1.03) | 0.79 |
| Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) | 15 (16.9%) | 9 (17.0%) | 0.99 (0.40,2.45) | 0.87 |
| Fetal weight (g): Mean (SD)3 | 3273.6 (603.3) | 3384.8 (528.9) | - | 0.45 |
| <10th percentile weight (<2773g)4 | 19 (21.3%) | 7 (13.2%) | 1.78 (0.69, 4.58) | 0.23 |
| APGAR at 1 minute: Mean (SD)5 | 7.8 (1.5) | 7.7 (2.1) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 0.39 |
| APGAR at 5 minutes: Mean (SD)5 | 8.6 (0.9) | 8.7 (1.0) | 0.83 (0.55, 1.26) | 0.20 |
| Neonatal complications 1 | ||||
| NICU admission | 7 (7.9%) | 3 (5.7%) | 1.42 (0.35, 5.76) | 0.61 |
| Special care admission | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.19 (0.11, 13.51) | 0.89 |
| Neonatal death < 28 days | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | |
| Congenital abnormalities | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | 0.44 |
| No neonatal complications | 80 (89.9%) | 49 (92.5%) | 0.73 (0.21, 2.48) | 0.61 |
| Autoimmune complications | ||||
| Hospital admission due to AD | 9 (10.1%) | 1 (1.9%) | 5.85 (0.72,47.54) | 0.06 |
| Use of emergency steroids due to AD | 16 (18.0%) | 10 (18.9%) | 0.94 (0.39,2.26) | 0.89 |
| Change of therapy during pregnancy due to AD | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3.10 (0.35, 27.23) | 0.29 |
| Placenta sent for pathology | 43 (48.3%) | 23 (43.4%) | 0.576 | |
| Placental weight (g): Median (IQR)7 | 445.5 (387.5, 535) | 460.5 (398, 523) | ~ | 0.52 |
| Appropriate for GA | 27 (75.0%) | 17 (77.8%) | 0.20 | |
| Small for GA | 7 (19.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | ||
| Large for GA | 2 (5.6%) | 3 (16.7%) | ||
| Placental outcomes | - | 0.32 | ||
| VUE | 4 (9.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| No VUE | 39 (91.7%) | 23 (100.0%) |
Abbreviations: C/S – cesarean section; NICU- neonatal intensive care unit; AD – autoimmune disease; VUE – villitis of unknown etiology; GA – gestational age
- Definitions of obstetric/ neonatal conditions are as follows:
Gestational diabetes- evidence of new onset impaired glucose tolerance after 20 weeks gestation
Preeclampsia- new hypertension with evidence of multi-systemic signs after 20 weeks gestation
Congenital abnormalities- structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life
Fetal growth restriction- estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference <10th percentile for gestational age
Congenital abnormalities- structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life
- Missing value for gestational age from 6 charts in the biologic cohort and 4 charts in the non-biologic cohort.
- Fetal weight was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Missing value for fetal weight from 10 charts in the biologic cohort and 5 charts in the non-biologic cohort.
- < 10th percentile is a categorical variable so compared with Chi-Square test. This variable was set up based on the fetal weight being less than 2773 grams.
- Missing value for APGAR at 1 and 5 minutes from 6 charts in the biologic cohort and 5 charts in the non-biologic cohort
- P-value calculated with Chi-square test unless noted otherwise.
– Comparison conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Missing for 45 charts in the Biologics group and 31 in the No Biologics.