Table 2.
Ordinary Least Squares estimation with cognitive impairment score (continuous) as the outcome
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | |
| Number of missing teeth | 0.71 (0.07)*** | 0.70 (0.07)*** | 0.25 (0.07)*** | 0.25 (0.07)*** |
| Region dummies | Adjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.67 (0.09)*** | 0.68 (0.08)*** | 0.79 (0.09)*** | 0.81 (0.09)*** |
| Education | ||||
| No qualification | Ref | Ref | ||
| Intermediate | − 1.43 (0.16)*** | − 1.43 (0.16)*** | ||
| High | − 2.05 (0.17)*** | − 2.02 (0.17)*** | ||
| Wealth | ||||
| Lowest quantile | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2nd quantile | − 0.56 (0.16)*** | − 0.55 (0.15)*** | ||
| 3rd quantile | − 1.20 (0.16)*** | − 1.17 (0.16)*** | ||
| 4th quantile | − 1.65 (0.15)*** | − 1.59 (0.16)*** | ||
| Highest quantile | − 2.12 (0.18)*** | − 2.08 (0.18)*** | ||
| Age (continuous) | 0.02 (0.01)* | 0.04 (0.01)*** | ||
| Age dummies | Adjusted | Adjusted | ||
| N | 5314 | 5314 | 4958 | 4958 |
Cognitive impairment scores were derived from the reverse-coded modified Telephone Interview Cognitive Score (continuous), from 0 (best) to 27 (worst). Clustered standard errors by age and region in parentheses. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001