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. 2023 Oct 11;24(1):33–56. doi: 10.1007/s10754-023-09362-z

Table 2.

Random effects predictions of the OOPE share (%) by PHI status, need, and hospitalisation

Model: Conditional mean (random effects)
PHI status Lower need Higher need Higher need and hospitalisation
No PHI 0.92 1.57 2.09
(0.8, 1.05) (1.48, 1.66) (1.97, 2.22)
PHI 1.96 2.93 4.16
(1.86, 2.06) (2.84, 3.02) (4.04, 4.28)
Difference 1.04 1.36 2.07

Predictions of the conditional mean estimates using the random effects model with the full set of control variables. The 95% confidence intervals are presented in brackets, below the point estimates. The ‘Difference’ row presents the OOPE share difference (pp) between individuals with and without PHI, within each category defined by need and hospitalisation