Table 4.

Nanomaterial-based methods used for analysis of substances in biological fluids in comparison to the current work

Nanomaterial used	Technique	Linearity range	The analyte	Reference
Gold nano-stars and spherical nanoparticles	SEIRS	0.063-2.00 ug/mL 31.25–250.00 ug/mL	Thioglycolic acid Bovine serum albumin	[12]
Silver nanoparticles and TiOx/ZnO nanocomposites	SERS SEIRA	0.25-5.00 mg/L 0.5–25 mg/mL	Crystal violet	[18]
Modified screen-printed electrode on silver nanoparticles	Potentiometry	1.00 × 10− 6–1.00 × 10− 2 M/L 1.00 × 10− 8–1.00 × 10− 1 M/L	Lanthanum III	[76]
Prepared gold nanoparticles on a glass substrate	SEIRA	1.00 × 10− 6–100 × 10− 2 M	Uracil	[17]
Citrate-capped silver nanoparticles Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles	SEIRA	15–240 ng/mL	Bisacodyl	Current work