Table 4.

Included studies describing social determinants of health and postpartum ED use

Study	Location (year)	PP period (subgroup if applicable)	Risk factors for ED use
Alam et al39	Bangladesh and Burkina Faso (2016)	1 year	Lack of reliable transportation access
Batra et al11	The United States(2017)	90 days	Less than 20 years old, Medicaid, complicated pregnancy/delivery or cesarean, low income
Bryant et al35	The United States (2016)	2 months-2 years	Younger age, unmarried, publicly insured, obese, ED visits earlier in the postpartum period
França and McManus36	The United States (2018)	40 weeks (postpartum depression)	Increased hospital encounters during pregnancy, public insurance
Kurtz Landy et al40	Canada (2008)	Perinatal–4 weeks	No difference in ED use found between socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged women
Nannini et al38	The United States (2008)	Perinatal-1 year	Less educated, minority race, public insurance, young age, unmarried
Sheen et al37	The United States (2019)	42 days	Primiparity, public insurance, younger age, prenatal morbidity, weekend delivery, delivery complications

Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; PP, postpartum.