Table 2.
Adolescent COVID-19 vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) by educational setting and parental sociodemographic characteristics, United States, Household Pulse Survey, December 9, 2022 – February 13, 2023
| Overall (n=14,757) | In-person instructiona (n=12,441) | aPR (95%CI) | Virtual instructionb (n=458) | aPR (95%CI) | Homeschool c (n=850) | aPR (95%CI) | Other/none (n=1008) | aPR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |||||
| All | 70.7 (69.3, 72.1) | 73.5 (72.0, 75.0)* | 70.1 (62.2, 77.9)* | 51.0 (44.5, 57.5) | 63.8 (58.9, 68.8)* | ||||
| Age Groups (in years) | |||||||||
| 18-29 | 73.9 (68.0, 79.8) | 78.1 (72.4, 83.9) | 1.00 | 92.6 (77.1, 100.0)* | 1.00 | 53.8 (28.8, 78.8) | 1.00 | 58.9 (36.6, 81.1) | 1.00 |
| 30-39 | 54.5 (49.3, 59.6) | 57.7 (52.2, 63.2)* | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 61.3 (31.0, 91.7) | 0.73 (0.53, 1.02) | 36.8 (19.4, 54.1) | 1.02 (0.70, 1.49) | 38.8 (25.3, 52.4) | 0.94 (0.58, 1.51) |
| 40-49 | 67.9 (65.8, 70.0) | 70.2 (68.0, 72.5)* | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | 64.8 (54.5, 75.0)* | 0.70 (0.52, 0.94) | 50.0 (43.1, 57.0) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 59.9 (49.2, 70.5) | 1.01 (0.66, 1.55) |
| ≥50 | 76.2 (74.1, 78.3) | 79.2 (76.9, 81.4)* | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | 71.6 (59.4, 83.8)* | 0.77 (0.58, 1.01) | 53.8 (45.8, 61.8) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 73.3 (67.3, 79.2)* | 1.16 (0.79, 1.71) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 72.5 (70.3, 74.8) | 75.5 (73.4, 77.6)* | 1.00 | 71.9 (59.3, 84.5)* | 1.00 | 53.3 (42.3, 64.4) | 1.00 | 65.2 (57.8, 72.6) | 1.00 |
| Female | 68.9 (67.3, 70.5) | 71.7 (69.9, 73.5)* | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 68.2 (58.1, 78.3)* | 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) | 49.0 (41.3, 56.7) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.07) | 62.1 (54.4, 69.8)* | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| NH white | 66.8 (65.0, 68.5) | 70.3 (68.7, 71.8)* | 1.00 | 54.3 (43.5, 65.0) | 1.00 | 47.0 (40.3, 53.7) | 1.00 | 53.8 (46.6, 61.0) | 1.00 |
| NH black | 73.0 (67.8, 78.3) | 76.8 (71.7, 81.9)* | 1.09 (1.03, 1.17) | 86.5 (73.5, 99.4)* | 1.51 (1.07, 2.12) | 46.2 (24.5, 67.9) | 1.31 (1.04, 1.64) | 65.0 (49.5, 80.4) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.50) |
| Hispanic | 74.7 (70.4, 79.1) | 76.0 (71.1, 81.0) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 85.6 (75.0, 96.3)* | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 65.8 (48.6, 83.0) | 1.49 (1.10, 2.00) | 68.9 (59.1, 78.7) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.36) |
| NH other/multiple races | 81.5 (78.1, 84.9) | 84.5 (81.3, 87.8)* | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) | 73.9 (54.0, 93.8) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.23) | 52.3 (27.7, 76.9) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.46) | 81.5 (71.4, 91.6)* | 1.09 (0.93, 1.30) |
| Educational Status | |||||||||
| High school or less | 61.0 (58.1, 63.8) | 62.9 (59.1, 66.7)* | 1.00 | 67.3 (53.8, 80.8)* | 1.00 | 48.4 (38.9, 57.9) | 1.00 | 59.7 (52.0, 67.4) | 1.00 |
| Some college or Associate’s degree | 67.4 (64.7, 70.1) | 69.2 (66.6, 71.8)* | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 68.0 (55.5, 80.6)* | 0.86 (0.70, 1.05) | 50.0 (41.9, 58.1) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.18) | 64.8 (54.0, 75.5)* | 1.00 (0.87, 1.16) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 80.7 (78.8, 82.7) | 82.6 (80.5, 84.7)* | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | 73.3 (61.6, 85.1) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) | 61.9 (52.3, 71.6) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 70.3 (59.7, 80.9) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.24) |
| Above college graduate | 87.8 (86.1, 89.4) | 88.5 (86.8, 90.2)* | 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) | 91.7 (84.3, 99.1)* | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) | 62.4 (51.0, 73.8) | 1.04 (0.80, 1.36) | 86.7 (79.4, 93.9)* | 1.12 (0.97, 1.28) |
| Annual Household Income | |||||||||
| <$35,000 | 61.5 (57.7, 65.4) | 62.7 (57.7, 67.7)* | 1.00 | 72.8 (58.2, 87.5)* | 1.00 | 42.5 (30.3, 54.8) | 1.00 | 58.6 (47.1, 70.0)* | 1.00 |
| $35,000-$49,999 | 61.7 (56.5, 67.0) | 67.1 (61.4, 72.8)* | 1.05 (0.97, 1.15) | 48.7 (26.6, 70.8) | 1.02 (0.68, 1.54) | 45.1 (29.4, 60.8) | 0.98 (0.74, 1.29) | 46.8 (29.2, 64.5) | 0.62 (0.41, 0.93) |
| $50,000-$74,999 | 69.3 (65.1, 73.5) | 69.2 (64.5, 73.9) | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 69.9 (51.4, 88.4) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) | 70.9 (58.4, 83.4) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.51) | 67.6 (50.9, 84.4) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.18) |
| ≥$75,000 | 77.6 (75.9, 79.4) | 78.9 (77.1, 80.6)* | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 74.8 (63.8, 85.8)* | 1.05 (0.80, 1.37) | 53.5 (41.2, 65.8) | 1.10 (0.86, 1.40) | 75.0 (67.3, 82.8)* | 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) |
| Did not report | 59.6 (53.4, 65.8) | 77.9 (70.1, 85.8)* | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 98.6 (94.2, 100.0)* | 1.07 (0.83, 1.37) | 45.2 (34.0, 56.4) | 1.11 (0.75, 1.66) | 62.2 (49.2, 75.1) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) |
| Insurance status | |||||||||
| Insured | 72.8 (71.2, 74.3) | 74.4 (72.9, 76.0)* | 1.00 | 74.0 (66.5, 81.5)* | 1.00 | 57.1 (50.5, 63.8) | 1.00 | 66.1 (60.6, 71.7)* | 1.00 |
| Not insured | 55.8 (49.6, 61.9) | 60.1 (52.9, 67.2) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | d | 1.02 (0.70, 1.49) | d | 0.72 (0.52, 0.99) | 51.0 (32.2, 69.8) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.13) |
| Respondent COVID-19 vaccination status | |||||||||
| Yes | 84.0 (82.5, 85.5) | 85.1 (83.7, 86.6)* | 1.00 | 88.8 (83.7, 93.9)* | 1.00 | 74.3 (66.5, 82.1) | 1.00 | 78.8 (72.9, 84.7) | 1.00 |
| No | 12.9 (10.2, 15.5) | 12.9 (10.0, 15.9) | 0.16 (0.13, 0.20) | d | 0.13 (0.07, 0.25) | d | 0.14 (0.06, 0.36) | d | 0.23 (0.10, 0.54) |
| Respondent COVID-19 status | |||||||||
| Yes | 74.6 (72.6, 76.6) | 71.6 (69.5, 73.6)* | 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) | 64.2 (51.7, 76.6) * | 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) | 45.3 (36.2, 54.4) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 61.3 (55.2, 67.4)* | 0.96 (0.82, 1.11) |
| No | 68.5 (66.6, 70.4) | 76.4 (74.1, 78.7)* | 1.00 | 74.6 (62.7, 86.5) | 1.00 | 64.0 (55.5, 72.5) | 1.00 | 69.3 (62.2, 76.3) | 1.00 |
| Region | |||||||||
| Northeast | 79.0 (75.6, 82.4) | 80.3 (76.6, 84.1)* | 1.00 | 92.3 (82.3, 100.0)* | 1.00 | 52.3 (27.9, 76.8) | 1.00 | 80.8 (71.4, 90.1)* | 1.00 |
| Midwest | 65.8 (63.4, 68.1) | 68.1 (65.2, 70.9)* | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 52.0 (37.5, 66.5) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 48.0 (34.5, 61.5) | 0.71 (0.49, 1.02) | 61.7 (51.4, 72.0) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) |
| West | 76.0 (72.9, 79.2) | 77.1 (73.7, 80.4)* | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 81.0 (69.8, 92.2)* | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 62.6 (52.8, 72.4) | 0.64 (0.46, 0.90) | 74.2 (64.1, 84.4) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) |
| South | 66.0 (63.8, 68.3) | 70.9 (68.4, 73.3)* | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | 63.7 (49.3, 78.2) | 0.79 (0.59, 1.06) | 47.1 (38.0, 56.3) | 0.62 (0.43, 0.90) | 49.5 (39.8, 59.2) | 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval
Note: All percentages are weighted.
*
p<0.05 in a t-test comparing the proportion of vaccinated adolescents for a given educational setting (e.g., in-person instruction) with a given demographic level (e.g., 18-29 years) to the proportion of vaccinated adolescents who were homeschooled with that given demographic level.
a
In-person instruction was defined as anyone who has received in-person instruction from a teacher at their school in the last 7 days
b
Virtual instruction was defined as anyone who did not receive in-person instruction and received virtual/online instruction from a teacher in real time, learned on their own using on-line materials provided by their school, or learned on their own using paper materials provided by their school in the last 7 days
c
Homeschool was defined as anyone who did not receive in-person or virtual instruction and learned on their own using materials that were not provided by their school in the last 7 days
d
Estimates were suppressed due to RSE > 30%