TABLE 3B.
Multivariable logistic regression models (p < 0.10) for occupational injury to hired crop workers, NAWSa U.S. during period I (2002–2004), period II (2008–2010), and period III (2014–2015).
| Variable (p Valueb) | Adjusted Odds ratioc |
Wald 95% CI |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Period I (2002–2004) | |||
| English-speaking ability (p = 0.0004) | |||
| Not at all | 1.0 | ||
| A little, Somewhat | 2.9 | 1.7 | 4.8 |
| Well | 1.6 | 0.8 | 3.2 |
| Type of hire (p = 0.0044) | |||
| Contract laborer | 1.0 | ||
| Grower direct hire/other | 2.2 | 1.3 | 3.7 |
| Employer provides clean drinking water and disposable cups every day (p = 0.0012) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 2.1 | 1.3 | 3.2 |
| Migrant type (p = 0.0008) | |||
| Migrant | 1.0 | ||
| Nonmigrant/settled | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
| Foreign-born (p = 0.0064) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 2.5 | 1.3 | 4.7 |
| Receive any type of public aid (p = 0.0766) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Age group (years) (p = 0.1398)d | |||
| <25 | 1.0 | ||
| 25–34 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.3 |
| 35–44 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 |
| 45+ | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
| Period II (2008–2010) | |||
| Employer provides clean drinking water and disposable cups every day (p = 0.0454) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 1.8 | 1.0 | 3.1 |
| Own dwelling in U.S. (p = 0.0558) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| Pesticides- loaded, mixed, or applied (p = 0.1757)e | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 1.6 | 0.8 | 3.4 |
| Sex (p = 0.2874)f | |||
| Female | 1.0 | ||
| Male | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 |
| Period III (2014–2015) | |||
| Health condition (p < 0.0001) | |||
| No | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 4.4 | 2.7 | 7.3 |
| Employer provides clean drinking water and disposable cups every day (p = 0.0092) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 2.4 | 1.3 | 4.8 |
| Own dwelling in U.S. (p = 0.0097) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 2.5 | 1.3 | 5.1 |
| English-speaking ability (p = 0.0708) | |||
| Not at all | 1.0 | ||
| A little, Somewhat | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.9 |
| Well | 3.0 | 1.1 | 8.2 |
| Foreign-born (p = 0.7570)g | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.5 |
NAWS: National Agricultural Workers Survey.
p-value: Wald's chi-square test.
Adjusted odds ratio (ORADJ) where injury = 1 divided by weeks of farm work to incorporate an occupational exposure adjustment.
Covariate age increased the ORADJ of foreign-born by 11% and decreased the ORADJ of English-speaking ability “a little or somewhat” by 5% (period I).
“Loaded, mixed, or applied pesticides” p value (i.e., 0.1140) was approaching significance until sex was added as a covariate (period II).
Covariate sex decreased the ORADJ of the “loaded, mixed, or applied pesticides” by 7% (period II).
Covariate foreign-born increased the ORADJ of speaking English “well” by 15% (period III).