Table 3.

Motivations for buprenorphine diversion in the united States, by category, and total number of articles presenting evidence for each category¹.

First author, date	Avoid withdrawal symptoms	Self-treatment of OUD	To get high	Management of drug use and effects	Unable or difficult to procure drug of choice
Allen & Harocopos, 2016	X	X		X	X
Bazazi et al., 2011	X	X	X	X	X
Brown & Altice, 2014		X		X
Carlson et al., 2020	X
Carroll et al., 2018	X	X	X	X	X
Cicero et al., 2014	X	X	X	X	X
Cicero et al., 2018	X	X	X	X	X
Daniulaityte et al., 2012	X	X	X	X	X
Daniulaityte et al., 2015	X			X
Daniulaityte et al., 2019	X		X
Genberg et al., 2013	X	X	X
Gryczynski et al., 2013	X	X
Mitchell et. al., 2009	X	X		X
Kavanaugh & McLean, 2020	X	X	X	X	X
McLean & Kavanaugh, 2019	X	X
Monico et al., 2015	X	X
Monico et al., 2021			X	X	X
Monte et al., 2009	X				X
Schuman-Olivier et al., 2010		X
Silverstein et al., 2019	X	X	X		X
Silverstein et al., 2020		X
Smith et al., 2020		X
Sohler et al., 2013	X	X		X
Tsui et al., 2018	X		X
Walker et al., 2018			X		X
Wish et al., 2012	X		X
Total number of studies	20	18	13	12	11