Table 1.

Demographics, health, affect, and cognition by treatment group at pre-intervention.

	OT Women (N = 18) M(SD)	P Women (N = 19) M(SD)	OT Men (N = 45) M(SD)	P Men (N = 39) M(SD)	Sex $\left({\eta }_{\text{p}}^2\right)$	Treatment $\left({\eta }_{\text{p}}^2\right)$	Treatment*Sex $\left({\eta }_{\text{p}}^2\right)$
Demographics
Age	71.3 (7.79)	72.3 (6.89)	72.9 (7.74)	69.3 (6.24)	0.002	0.007	0.021
Educationa	16.1 (3.33)	14.3 (1.95)	17.2 (2.55)	16.4 (4.61)	0.043	0.029	0.003
Health
Physical	8.11 (1.45)	8.32 (0.94)	8.02 (1.39)	8.00 (1.28)	0.005	0.001	0.002
Mental	8.83 (1.15)	8.37 (1.30)	8.56 (1.32)	8.53 (0.99)	0.001	0.009	0.007
Affect
Positiveb	3.75 (0.59)	3.45 (0.74)	3.35 (0.50)	3.55 (0.56)	0.015	0.002	0.038
Negative	1.42 (0.42)	1.38 (0.44)	1.41 (0.38)	1.35 (0.37)	0.001	0.003	<0.001
Cognition
Crystallized	115 (7.87)	115 (9.39)	122 (12.1)	119 (11.1)	0.051	0.005	0.003
Fluid	88.6 (7.44)	87.5 (9.06)	89.5 (9.63)	90.2 (9.90)	0.008	<0.001	0.002

Note: Age and education are indicated in years. Subjective physical (Please rate your general physical health) and mental (Please rate your general mental health/mood) were assessed using a Likert scale (1 = Poor; 10 = Excellent). Affect was assessed via the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988). Cognition was assessed using the NIH Cognition Toolbox (Akshoomoff et al., 2013); unadjusted mean scores were used.

^aindicates a significant main effect of sex;

^bindicates a significant treatment x sex interaction. Men had significantly more years of education (t(109) = 2.21, MDiff = 1.58, p = 0.03) and significantly higher crystallized cognition (t(116) = 2.50, MDiff = 5.34, p = 0.01) than women. In addition, men in the OT group had significantly lower positive affect than women in the OT group (t (115) = −2.64, MDiff = −0.40, p = 0.02).