Table 3.
Comparison of blood micronutrient levels among male participants separated into three age categories.
| Reference Range for Male Adults * | Males (n = 61) | Statistics and p-Values |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 18–34 Year | 35–49 Year | 50–64 Year | |||
| Potassium (mg/L) | 1568–1908 | 1811 ± 113 | 1800 ± 86 | 1839 ± 108 | 1782 ± 131 | F(2, 58) = 1.10, p = 0.340 |
| Calcium (mg/L) | 50.3–59.8 | 53.5 ± 3.4 | 55.0 ± 2.4 | 53.1 ± 4.3 | 52.8 ± 2.4 | F(2, 58) = 3.02, p = 0.057 |
| Magnesium (mg/L) | 31.2–39.1 | 34.9 ± 2.8 | 34.3 ± 2.3 | 35.1 ± 2.8 | 35.0 ± 3.1 | F(2, 58) = 0.26, p = 0.773 |
| Copper (mg/L) | 0.7–0.94 | 0.79 ± 0.09 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.79 ± 0.08 | 0.82 ± 0.09 | F(2, 58) = 3.36, p = 0.042 |
| Iron (mg/L) | 465–577 | 543 ± 34 | 546 ± 22 | 542 ± 40 | 541 ± 33 | F(2, 58) = 0.13, p = 0.874 |
| Zinc (mg/L) | 5.36–7.29 | 6.43 ± 0.68 | 6.12 ± 0.68 | 6.42 ± 0.62 | 6.69 ± 0.69 | F(2, 58) = 2.23, p = 0.117 |
| Selenium (µg/L) | 101–168 | 136 ± 35 | 144 ± 61 | 131 ± 25 | 137 ± 18 | F(2, 58) = 0.93, p = 0.402 |
| Manganese (µg/L) | 5.39–11.2 | 8.29 ± 2.13 | 8.37 ± 1.64 | 8.38 ± 2.74 | 8.13 ± 1.56 | F(2, 58) = 0.04, p = 0.958 |
| Molybdenum (µg/L) | 0.45–1.56 | 1.60 ± 4.23 | 1.33 ± 0.66 | 2.23 ± 6.45 | 0.98 ± 0.67 | F(2, 58) = 2.24, p = 0.115 |
| Vitamin B6 (µg/L) | 16.4–80.4 | 36.5 ± 22.3 | 37.2 ± 16.7 | 41.4 ± 28.6 | 29.7 ± 14.5 | F(2, 58) = 1.88, p = 0.161 |
| Vitamin B9 (ng/mL) | >5.38 | 10.02 ± 4.92 | 10.95 ± 5.30 | 9.47 ± 4.53 | 10.04 ± 5.26 | F(2, 58) = 0.29, p = 0.746 |
| Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 211–911 | 491 ± 247 | 567 ± 402 | 458 ± 120 | 478 ± 222 | F(2, 58) = 0.27, p = 0.767 |
| Vitamin D (nmol/L) | 100–150 | 99.8 ± 49.9 | 106.1 ± 50.2 | 98.4 ± 57.1 | 97.0 ± 40.9 | F(2, 58) = 0.21, p = 0.810 |
* Values are based on reference norms for German-speaking populations [32]. Data are presented as mean (±standard deviation). Statistical test: Kruskal-Wallis (F-values).