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. 2020 Dec 23;6(1):232–248. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02105

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) Schematic illustration of the proposed self-assembled 2D/3D perovskite crystal interface. Reprinted with permission from ref (60). Copyright 2017 Nature Publishing Group. (B) Schematic of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering measurement. Reprinted with permission from ref (61). Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (C) Charge-carrier dynamics of perovskite films with different additives measured by time-resolved microwave conductivity. Reprinted with permission from ref (37). Copyright 2019 Elsevier. (D) Schematic of surplus halide immobilized through complexing with K+ at grain boundaries and surfaces. Reprinted with permission from ref (69). Copyright 2018 Nature Publishing Group.