. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 25.

Published in final edited form as: Wilderness Environ Med. 2023 Dec 27;35(1 Suppl):45S–66S. doi: 10.1177/10806032231218722

Table 8.

Summary of field water disinfection techniques.

	Bacteria	Viruses	Giardia/ameba	Cryptosporidium	Nematodes/cercarea
Heat	+	+	+	+	+
Filtration	+	+/−^a	+	+	+
Halogens	+	+	+	−	+/−^b
UV	+	+	+	+	DNA
Chlorine dioxide, ozone, and photocatalytic	+	+	+	+	DNA^c

DNA, data not available.

Most filters make no claims for viruses. Ultrafiltration with hollow-fiber technology and reverse osmosis is effective.

Eggs are not very susceptible to halogens but very low risk of waterborne transmission.

No data available for photocatalytic disinfection.