Table 5.
Incremental costs, QALYs and net benefit of hybrid versus open surgery
| Open surgery (n = 162) | Hybrid surgery (n = 162) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units* | Mean (s.d.), n | Units* | Mean (s.d.), n | |
| Procedure equipment/consumables | £514 (£424), 162 | £626 (£232), 162 | ||
| Procedure staff time cost† | 353 min | £2972 (£717), 162 | 364 min | £3067 (£662), 162 |
| ICU | 5.04 days | £7148 (£15 342), 162 | 4.72 days | £6446 (£12 545), 162 |
| Ward | 9.91 days | £4103 (£3413), 162 | 11.93 days | £4938 (£4757), 162 |
| Re-interventions | 0.18 procedures | £286 (£1293), 162 | 0.42 procedures | £708 (£2046), 162 |
| Readmissions‡ | 2.40 days | £1166 (£3184), 162 | 1.89 days | £929 (£2918), 162 |
| Total inpatient costs | £16 189 (£17 252), 162 | £16 715 (£16 376), 162 | ||
| Primary and other ambulatory§ care | £212 (£306), 141 | £253 (£419), 139 | ||
| Total health service cost | £16 304 (£16 094), 141 | £16 712 (£15 007), 139 | ||
| EQ-5D-5L score | ||||
| Baseline | 0.822 (0.156), 162 | 0.812 (0.169), 160 | ||
| 6 days | 0.398 (0.276), 143 | 0.381 (0.275), 143 | ||
| 21 days | 0.578 (0.206), 127 | 0.546 (0.221), 133 | ||
| 42 days | 0.629 (0.227), 134 | 0.638 (0.203), 137 | ||
| 90 days | 0.655 (0.250), 143 | 0.665 (0.243), 145 | ||
| QALYs | 0.157 (0.042), 100 | 0.150 (0.045), 109 | ||
| iNMB# | −£367 (95% c.i.: −£4010 to £3276) P = 0.84 | |||
*Where applicable. †Time includes procedure time only; cost includes monitoring and recovery suite costs, if applicable. ‡Including costs of readmission for outpatient procedures. §Including emergency department. #Multilevel model after multiple imputation (n = 324) of missing costs and EQ-5D-5L scores.