Table 4.

Net Effects and Cost-effectiveness Results of Replacing PCV13 with PCV15 in a U.S. Birth Cohort Model.

Model results	Base Case (2.5% – 97.5%)	5% higher public cost for PCV15	No additional indirect effect
Cases prevented
AOM	80,588 (98951–62070)	80,588	72,562
Tympanostomy tube insertion	7599 (10873–5081)	7599	6957
Outpatient Pneumonia	2837 (5153–62)	2837	1995
Inpatient Pneumonia	1039 (1873–23)	1039	783
Deaths due to Pneumonia	9 (16–0)	9	6
IPD Non-Meningitis	183 (202–150)	183	164
IPD Meningitis	38 (41–31)	38	33
Deafness	3 (4–1)	3	2
Disability	3 (5–2)	3	3
Deaths due to IPD	13 (15–11)	13	12
QALYs gained	759 (658–7155)	759	622
Life-years gained	664 (377–880)	664	532
Savings [Additional costs], $ millions
Total Cost	147 (175–115)	89	133
Medical Costs	69 (94–40)	69	58
Nonmedical Costs	27 (33–22)	27	24
Vaccine Costs	50 (51–50)	[7]	50
Cost-effectiveness Ratios ($)
Cost/QALY	Cost-Saving	Cost-Saving	Cost-Saving
Cost/Life-year	Cost-Saving	Cost-Saving	Cost-Saving

Abbreviations: PCV13: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV15: 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, AOM: acute otitis media, IPD: invasive pneumococcal disease, QALY: Quality-adjusted life-year.

All outcomes, QALYs gained, life-years gained, and costs were discounted. All savings [costs] are reported in $US2021.