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. 2024 Mar 25;43:90. doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03016-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 10 — The anti-CSC effects of ropivacaine on MCF-7 cells is dependent on NF-κB/GGT1 feedback loop. MCF-7 cells was transfected with GGT1 overexpression plasmid (GGT1-OE) or empty plasmid (Vector) and treated with ropivacaine (10 μM) or negative control for 48 h. A RNA level of GGT1 in the indicated treated-MCF-7 cells was determined by qRT-PCR. B Protein levels of GGT1, p-iκBa, iκBa, p-NF-κB and NF-κB in the indicated treated-MCF-7 cells were examined by western blot. C Stem cell markers (CD133, OCT4, SOX2) in the indicated treated-MCF-7 cells were analyzed by western blot. D CD44⁺/CD24.⁻ subpopulation in the indicated treated-MCF-7 cells was measured by FACS analysis. E Mammosphere formation of the indicated treated-MCF-7 cells (scale bar = 100 μm). F Migration and invasion of the indicated treated-MCF-7 cells were examined by transwell assays (scale bar = 100 μm). G Cell viability of MCF-7/ADR cells transfected with GGT1 overexpression plasmid (GGT1-OE) or empty plasmid (Vector) and treated with ropivacaine (10 μM) or negative control for 48 h as indicated, exposure to the indicated concentration of ADR. H Cell apoptosis of the indicated treated-MCF-7/ADR cells exposed to ADR (10 μM) were assessed by FACS analysis. Results are shown are shown as mean ± S.D from at least three independent experiments.. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (Two-way ANOVA test in G, others unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test)