Table 2.
Hyper-NF study results.
| Author | N dyads | Imaging modality |
Target region | Task type | Regulation success as compared to | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTB | ECTL | Linear | CTC | |||||
| Ceccato et al. (2023) | 1 | EEG | NR | Coop | Only 1 dyad and no statistics were reported | |||
| Dikker et al. (2021) | 784 | EEG | Whole-brain | Coop | NR | Yes (offline1) | NR | Yes (offline1) |
| Duan et al. (2013) | 1 | fNIRS | Left sensorimotor cortex | Comp | Yes (offline1) | NR | NR | N/A |
| Järvelä et al. (2019) | 21 |
EEG | Frontal cortex | Coop | NR | NR | NR | Yes |
| Järvelä et al. (2021) | 39 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Salminen et al. (2022) (incl. Overlapping data sets) | 36 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Kerr et al. (2022) | 6 | fMRI | Right anterior insular cortex | Coop | NR | NR | NR | N/A |
| Müller et al. (2021) | 25 | EEG | Frontal cortex | Coop | Yes | NR | NR | No |
| Putri et al. (2022) and Susnoschi Luca et al. (2021)2 (same data sets) | Comp.: 10 Coop.: 10 |
EEG | Parietal cortex | Both |
Comp: Alpha power: no Synchrony (offline1): yes Coop: Alpha power: no Synchrony (offline1): yes |
Comp: Alpha power: yes Synchrony (offline1): no Coop: NR |
Comp: NR Coop: NR |
Comp: NR Coop: NR |
| Vrins et al. (2023) | 8 | EEG | Whole-brain | Coop | Synchrony (offline1): yes Sham feedback (offline1): no |
NR | NR | Yes (offline1) |
| Zhang and Zhao (2018) | 1 | EEG | Bilateral sensorimotor cortex | Comp | Only 1 dyad and no statistics were reported | |||
Comp, Competition; Coop, Cooperation; CTB, compared to a baseline control condition; ECTL, early session as compared to a late session; Linear, linear increase over several sessions; CTC, compared to a within- or between-control condition; NR, not reported; N/A, not applicable.
1
Some studies analyzed regulation success based on results from an additional offline analysis of neural synchrony which was different from the online analysis used to calculate the feedback signal.
2
Susnoschi Luca et al. (2021) did not compare synchrony to a within subject baseline, but used permutation testing against a null distribution created from fake pairs.