Table 4.

ECMO Rates of Select Complications (Per 1,000 ECMO Hours) by Support Type, Adults, 2017–2022

Complication	Respiratory	Cardiac	ECPR
Cannula problems	0.155	0.206	0.377
Air in circuit	0.025	0.051	0.083
Circuit change	0.258	0.177	0.180
Clots and air emboli	0.006	0.008	0.016
Thrombosis/clots in circuit component	0.103	0.225	0.282
Renal replacement therapy	0.574	1.655	1.924
Cannula site bleeding	0.123	0.751	1.059
Surgical site bleeding	0.156	0.871	0.643
GI hemorrhage	0.136	0.272	0.392
Tamponade (blood)	0.020	0.212	0.171
CNS hemorrhage by US/CT/MRI	0.107	0.154	0.272
CNS infarction by US/CT/MRI	0.031	0.208	0.365
Seizures (clinical or on EEG)	0.019	0.068	0.241
Brain death	0.024	0.072	0.433
Hemolysis (all types)	0.160	0.282	0.351
Limb Ischemia	0.021	0.241	0.410
Compartment syndrome	0.005	0.053	0.092
Fasciotomy	0.010	0.156	0.232
Amputation	0.004	0.042	0.052

CNS, central nervous system; CT, computed tomography; dL, deciliter; ECPR, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EEG, electroencephalogram; GI, gastrointestinal; mg, milligram; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; US, ultrasound; WBC, white blood cell.