Table 7.

Summary of environmental impacts from e-scooter sharing.

Environmental category	Impacts	Results	Level of analysis	Reference
Air pollution	Fine particulate matter	Base case: 2.96 × 10−4 kg PM2.5eq Scenario 1: 1.44 × 10−4 kg PM2.5eq Scenario 2: 1.99 × 10−4 kg PM2.5eq Scenario 3: 1.01 × 10−4 kg PM2.5eq Scenario 4: 7.5 × 10−4 kg PM2.5eq	Per kilometer	Moreau et al. (2020)
Climate impacts	CO2 emissions	49–300 g	Per kilometer	Kazmaier et al. (2020)
		Car: 209 g Private scooters: 135 g Bus: 133 g Shared bikes: 59 g Shared e-scooters: 109 g Metro: 8 g	Per kilometer	de Bortoli and Christoforou (2020)
		Base case: 131 g Scenario 1: 110 g Scenario 2: 91 g Scenario 3: 51 g Scenario 4: 40 g	Per kilometer	Moreau et al. (2020)
		E-scooters: 150 g Private car: 414 g Dockless bikes: 190 g Mopeds: 119 g Buses with high ridership: 82 g Electric bikes: 40 g Bikes: 8 g	Per mile	Hollingsworth et al. (2019)
		Base case: 178 × 103 g Scenario 1: 123 × 103 g Scenario 2: 134 × 103 g Scenario 3: 150 × 103 g Scenario 4: 152 × 103 g	Per shared vehicle	Hollingsworth et al. (2019)
Resource scarcity	Mineral resource scarcity	Base case: 1.97 × 10−3 kg Cu-eq Scenario 1: 5.76 × 10−4 kg Cu-eq Scenario 2: 1.30 × 10−3 kg Cu-eq Scenario 3: 6.24 × 10−4 kg Cu-eq Scenario 4: 4.66 × 10−5 kg Cu-eq	Per kilometer	Moreau et al. (2020)
	Fossil resource scarcity	Base case: 3.16 × 10−2 kg oil-eq Scenario 1: 3.43 × 10−2 kg oil-eq Scenario 2: 2.26 × 10−2 kg oil-eq Scenario 3: 1.36 × 10−2 kg oil-eq Scenario 4: 1.12 × 10−2 kg oil-eq	Per kilometer	Moreau et al. (2020)
Ecosystem damage	Acidification	Base case: 0.989 kg SO2eq Scenario 1: 0.814 kg SO2eq Scenario 2: 0.841 kg SO2eq Scenario 3: 0.961 kg SO2eq Scenario 4: 0.707 kg SO2eq	Per shared vehicle	Hollingsworth et al. (2019)
	Eutrophication	Base case: 0.697 kg Neq Scenario 1: 0.567 kg Neq Scenario 2: 0.601 kg Neq Scenario 3: 0.690 kg Neq Scenario 4: 0.473 kg Neq	Per shared vehicle	Hollingsworth et al. (2019)