Table 4.
Univariate predictors of hemorrhage categories using multinomial logistic regression models
| ECASS | Variable | Relative OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| HI1 | |||
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HI2 | |||
| Distal embolization | 1.4460 (1.0024 to 2.0859) | 0.0485 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.8484 (0.6200 to 1.1609) | 0.3041 | |
| Hypertension | 1.0015 (0.7282 to 1.3773) | 0.9927 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.0936 (0.8108 to 1.4751) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.2419 (0.9276 to 1.6627) | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 0.5307 (0.2656 to 1.0605) | ||
| Prior stroke | 1.2530 (0.8481 to 1.8512) | ||
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | Ref | Ref | |
| Current smoker | 0.7512 (0.4429 to 1.2738) | 0.2882 | |
| Former smoker | 0.4776 (0.2835 to 0.8045) | 0.0055 | |
| Admission NIHSS | 1.0103 (0.9887 to 1.0324) | 0.3513 | |
| Anterior circulation | 1.0405 (0.5653 to 1.9152) | 0.8984 | |
| Time from onset to groin puncture | 0.9998 (0.9994 to 1.0002) | 0.2862 | |
| Angioplasty | 0.9105 (0.4920 to 1.6847) | 0.7651 | |
| ADAPT | 1.0053 (0.7394 to 1.3668) | 0.9730 | |
| Time from puncture to occlusion site | 1.0181 (0.9926 to 1.04540) | 0.1685 | |
| Time from puncture to ≥mTICI 2b | 1.0039 (1.0008 to 1.0070) | 0.0137 | |
| Procedure time | 1.0032 (0.9965 to 1.0099) | 0.3435 | |
| Final mTICI score | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | |
| 1 | 1.7789 (0.6447 to 4.9084) | 0.2659 | |
| 2a | 1.6565 (0.7973 to 3.4418) | 0.1760 | |
| 2b | 0.7951 (0.4196 to 1.5066) | 0.4818 | |
| 2c | 0.7861 (0.3685 to 1.6772) | 0.5335 | |
| 3 | 0.8440 (0.4447 to 1.3205) | 0.6038 | |
| Complications | 1.6109 (0.9225 to 2.8129) | 0.0936 | |
| Race | |||
| White | Ref | Ref | |
| Black | 1.0520 (0.6795 to 1.6506) | 0.8253 | |
| Hispanic | 0.1447 (0.0185 to 1.1300) | 0.0652 | |
| Non-white | 1.2656 (0.7654 to 2.0927) | 0.3585 | |
| PH1 | |||
| Distal embolization | 0.8361 (0.5576 to 1.2539) | 0.3866 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.6407 (0.4573 to 0.8977) | 0.0097 | |
| Hypertension | 0.8904 (0.6445 to 1.2300) | 0.4811 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.0991 (0.8087 to 1.4939) | 0.5459 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.8286 (0.6088 to 1.1279) | 0.2320 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.8658 (0.4789 to 1.5652) | 0.6333 | |
| Prior stroke | 1.0489 (0.6920 to 1.5900) | 0.8219 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | Ref | Ref | |
| Current smoker | 0.6559 (0.3861 to 1.1143) | 0.1187 | |
| Former smoker | 0.4498 (0.2694 to 0.7510) | 0.0022 | |
| Admission NIHSS | 1.0387 (1.0158 to 1.0623) | 0.0009 | |
| Anterior circulation | 0.9986 (0.5364 to 1.8588) | 0.9964 | |
| Time from onset to groin puncture | 0.9996 (0.9992 to 1.0000) | 0.0678 | |
| Angioplasty | 1.1226 (0.6162 to 2.0451) | 0.7055 | |
| ADAPT | 0.9470 (0.6956 to 1.2894) | 0.7296 | |
| Time from puncture to occlusion site | 1.0144 (0.9872 to 1.0426) | 0.2948 | |
| Time from puncture to ≥mTICI 2b | 0.9983 (0.9946 to 1.0018) | 0.3485 | |
| Procedure time | 1.0088 (1.0030 to 1.0149) | 0.0036 | |
| Final mTICI score | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | |
| 1 | 0.8000 (0.2100 to 3.0473) | 0.7436 | |
| 2a | 1.2632 (0.5456 to 2.9244) | 0.5854 | |
| 2b | 1.2291 (0.6061 to 2.4924) | 0.5674 | |
| 2c | 0.9787 (0.4259 to 2.2492) | 0.9596 | |
| 3 | 1.2695 (0.6247 to 2.5796) | 0.5095 | |
| Complications | 1.9053 (1.1090 to 3.2734) | 0.0195 | |
| Race | |||
| White | Ref | Ref | |
| Black | 1.0123 (0.6194 to 1.6545) | 0.9609 | |
| Hispanic | 0.1841 (0.0235 to 1.4387) | 0.1066 | |
| Non-white | 3.1668 (2.0317 to 4.9361) | <0.0001 | |
| PH2 | |||
| Distal embolization | 1.0237 (0.6574 to 1.5942) | 0.9174 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.0106 (0.7169 to 1.4246) | 0.9519 | |
| Hypertension | 1.1232 (0.7813 to 1.6148) | 0.5303 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.9754 (0.6963 to 1.3665) | 0.8850 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.9211 (0.6604 to 1.2847) | 0.6281 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.9738 (0.5134 to 1.8469) | 0.9352 | |
| Prior stroke | 0.6286 (0.3770 to 1.0481) | 0.0750 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | Ref | Ref | |
| Current smoker | 0.8030 (0.4395 to 1.4670) | 0.4753 | |
| Former smoker | 0.8126 (0.4788 to 1.3790) | 0.4417 | |
| Admission NIHSS | 0.9983 (0.9744 to 1.0227) | 0.8876 | |
| Anterior circulation | 1.0071 (0.5111 to 1.9841) | 0.9838 | |
| Time from onset to groin puncture | 0.9996 (0.9991 to 1.000) | 0.0734 | |
| Angioplasty | 1.6062 (0.9023 to 2.8591) | 0.1072 | |
| ADAPT | 0.8241 (0.5741 to 1.1830) | 0.2942 | |
| Time from puncture to occlusion site | 1.0097 (0.9766 to 1.0411) | 0.5462 | |
| Time from puncture to ≥mTICI 2b | 1.0052 (1.0018 to 1.0085) | 0.0022 | |
| Procedure time | 1.0113 (1.0053 to 1.0179) | 0.0004 | |
| Final mTICI score | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | |
| 1 | 1.6545 (0.5003 to 5.4718) | 0.4092 | |
| 2a | 1.5550 (0.6533 to 3.7014) | 0.3183 | |
| 2b | 1.1488 (0.5425 to 2.4326) | 0.7170 | |
| 2c | 0.9052 (0.3717 to 2.2048) | 0.8264 | |
| 3 | 0.9907 (0.4641 to 2.1150) | 0.9808 | |
| Complications | 2.7347 (1.5588 to 4.7974) | 0.0004 | |
| Race | |||
| White | Ref | Ref | |
| Black | 0.8677 (0.5013 to 1.5019) | 0.6122 | |
| Hispanic | 0.6626 (0.1819 to 2.4133) | 0.5325 | |
| Non-white | 1.8689 (1.1149 to 3.1329) | 0.0176 |
ADAPT, A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique; HI, hemorrhagic infarction; mTICI, modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PH, parenchymal hemorrhage.