Table 3.
Uni- and Multivariate Regression Analysis in Nonlesional Patients With Favorable vs Unfavorable Outcome
| Characteristics | Seizure outcome | ||||
| Engel Ia (n = 76) | Engel II–IVa (n = 114) | p Value of difference | Univariable odds ratio (95% CI) | Multivariable odds ratio (95% CI)b | |
| Age at surgery, y, mean (SD) | 32.1 (±12.0) | 32.1 (±12.5) | 0.98 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02)c | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
| Duration of epilepsy, y, median (IQR) | 14.5 (8.1–21.5) | 19 (9.0–26.8) | 0.05 | 0.97 (0.94–0.99)c | 0.94 (0.89–0.99) |
| Temporal surgery location, n (%) | 62 (82) | 69 (60) | 0.00 | 2.89 (1.45–5.76) | 2.62 (1.19–5.76) |
| iEEG, n (%) | 49 (64) | 93 (82) | 0.01 | 0.41 (0.21–0.80) | 0.45 (0.17–1.22) |
| Complete resection, n (%) | 39/46 (85)d | 47/81 (58)e | 0.00 | 4.03 (1.61–10.09) | —e |
| Normal histopathologic findings, n (%, vs nonspecific gliosis) | 28 (37) | 33 (29) | 0.25 | 1.43 (0.77–2.65) | 4.49 (1.79–11.27) |
a
Engel classification at 2 y follow-up, 27 missing cases (12%).
b
Adjusted for all other covariates.
c
Odds ratio per year.
d
No exact information on completeness of resection (n = 28), no resective surgery (n = 2).
e
No exact information on completeness of resection (n = 32), no resective surgery (n = 1).
f
Not included because of high collinearities.