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Chemical signature of the strong EASM convective transport in 2022 from space. August average upper tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios from satellite retrievals (MLS version 5 data at 147 hPa; see ref. 32 for details of MLS data quality and resolution) for (A) 2022 and (B) 2005–2021. Also shown are two selected contours of the 150 hPa stream function ([4, 25] × 106 m2/s; based on the NCEP CFS data), which mark the outer edge and the center location of the ASM anticyclone.
